Differences in Telecommunication Terms Essay -- essays research papers

This paper will attempt to define and contrast the following name a.Synchronous and asynchronousb.Analog and digitalc.XON and XOFFd.Simplex and duplexe.Serial and parallel transmissionf.Baseband and broadbandg.Serial Line Internet communications protocol (SLIP) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)h.Hypertext sell Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP)i.Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)It will also contain a plan description and analysis of the OSI layers that are employ with the TCP/IP protocol stack.Synchronous and AsynchronousIn referring to the luff that passes with telephone lines, the conveying methods may be either synchronous or asynchronous. A synchronous data transfer is displace in a continuous, single stream of characters, grouped into buffered bits. onward the transmission is sent, synchronous characters are sent that set the sending and the receiving ends to the same time. Once affirmation of the syn pulse is returned, the stream is sent to the receiving end. An asynchronous data transfer consists of start and stop bits at the get down and the end of the pulses that are sent. (Modem, 2004)Analog and digitalAn analog signal is an exact replica of the fit or read being transmitted. An analog wave signal is a signal that consists of changing amplitudes of frequencies. An analog transmission is used oer telephone lines to transmit voice frequencies over a carrier frequency through the telephone line. An electric current reproduces the frequency for transmission, then it is converted at the other end back into the sound wave.A digital signal is a square wave signal consisting of a voltage and then a lack of voltage. Digital transmission involves laser lights that flash on and off and are carried through fiber optic lines. This is a very fast transmission rate (approximately 450 flashes per second) and can result in two fiber optic transmission lines to be able to transmit almost 15,000 conversations at the same time. Digital transmission is faster than analog, and also is to a greater extent stable, as less noise or other interference can disrupt ... ...es non really say such about what happen here, pretermit to point out that the host has draw to the communicate using some protocol so it can transmit IP packets over it. This protocol is not specified and varies from host to host and network to network. From http//www.buzzle.com/editorials/text8-24-2004-58325.aspReferencesComputerHope. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//www.computerhope.com/jargon/x/xonxoff.htmCkslsc. Retrieved November 20 , 2004 fromhttp//www.csklsc.net/wong-sir/data_communications/baseband_broadband.htmEserver. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//eserver.bell.ac.uk/mirrors/dc100www/dc_014.htmFreedictionary. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/serial%20transmissionIntersil. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from www.intersil.com/design/commlink/glossary/index.aspModem. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//www.modem.com/glossary/glos15.htmlSearchwebservices. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci214211,00.htmlThinkquest. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//library.thinkquest.org/27887/gather/fundamentals/analog_and_digital.shtml Differences in telecommunication Terms Essay -- essays research papers This paper will attempt to define and contrast the following terms a.Synchronous and asynchronousb.Analog and digitalc.XON and XOFFd.Simplex and duplexe.Serial and parallel transmissionf.Baseband and broadbandg.Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)h.Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP)i.Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)It will also contain a brief description and analysis of the OSI layers that are used with the TCP/IP protocol stack.Synchronous and AsynchronousIn referring to the sig nal that passes through telephone lines, the transfer methods may be either synchronous or asynchronous. A synchronous data transfer is sent in a continuous, single stream of characters, grouped into buffered bits. Before the transmission is sent, synchronous characters are sent that set the sending and the receiving ends to the same time. Once affirmation of the syn pulse is returned, the stream is sent to the receiving end. An asynchronous data transfer consists of start and stop bits at the beginning and the end of the pulses that are sent. (Modem, 2004)Analog and digitalAn analog signal is an exact replica of the sound or picture being transmitted. An analog wave signal is a signal that consists of changing amplitudes of frequencies. An analog transmission is used over telephone lines to transmit voice frequencies over a carrier frequency through the telephone line. An electric current reproduces the frequency for transmission, then it is converted at the other end back into the sound wave.A digital signal is a square wave signal consisting of a voltage and then a lack of voltage. Digital transmission involves laser lights that flash on and off and are carried through fiber optic lines. This is a very fast transmission rate (approximately 450 flashes per second) and can result in two fiber optic transmission lines to be able to transmit almost 15,000 conversations at the same time. Digital transmission is faster than analog, and also is more stable, as less noise or other interference can disrupt ... ...es not really say such about what happen here, except to point out that the host has connect to the network using some protocol so it can transmit IP packets over it. This protocol is not specified and varies from host to host and network to network. From http//www.buzzle.com/editorials/text8-24-2004-58325.aspReferencesComputerHope. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//www.computerhope.com/jargon/x/xonxoff.htmCkslsc. Retrieved November 20 , 2004 fromhttp //www.csklsc.net/wong-sir/data_communications/baseband_broadband.htmEserver. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//eserver.bell.ac.uk/mirrors/dc100www/dc_014.htmFreedictionary. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/serial%20transmissionIntersil. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from www.intersil.com/design/commlink/glossary/index.aspModem. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//www.modem.com/glossary/glos15.htmlSearchwebservices. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci214211,00.htmlThinkquest. Retrieved November 20, 2004 from http//library.thinkquest.org/27887/gather/fundamentals/analog_and_digital.shtml

Moby Dick Qoutes Ch.36 and 86 :: essays research papers

Quotes from Moby DickChapter 36Capitalism-On Pg. 170 Ahab says All ye mast headers have before now heard me give orders of a white behemoth. encounter ye Dye see this Spanish ounce of gold? It is a sixteen dollar piece men. Whoever of ye raises me a white headed whale with a wrinkled brow and a crooked jaw, he shall have this gold ounce. This example relates to capitalism because Ahab uses money as a way to motivate his men much identical money is used as a motivator in a capitalist society.Transcendentalism-     On Pg.172 and 173 Ahab talks about his feelings toward moby dick. Ahabs feelings are a twisted insure on reality that relate to transcadentalism because he believes that acquire revenge on the whale is worth risking his life and other mens lives. All visible objects, reality, are still as pasteboard masks. But in each event . . . some unknown but still reasoning thing puts forth the mouldings of its features from behind the unreasoning mask. If m an will strike, strike through the mask How can the prisoner reach outside except by thrusting through the wall? To me, the white whale is that wall, shoved near to me. Sometimes I think theres naught beyond. But tis enough. He tasks me he heaps me I see in him outrageous strength, with an inscrutable spite sinewing it. That inscrutable thing is chiefly what I hate and be the white whale agent, or be the white whale principal, I will mould that hate upon him. Talk not to me of blasphemy, man Id strike the sun if it insulted me" Ahabs feelings are a twisted view on reality that relate to transcadentalism because he believes that getting revenge on the whale is worth risking his life and other mens lives.Religion-     On Pg. 172 after getting the men to agree to follow along side him in the killing of moby dick Ahab yells out to the men God bless ye, God bless ye men     Ahab says this because his crew has agreed to follow him and he wants to thank them and he wants to try to help keep them safe for the journey because he knows that it will be a dangerous chase.Faustism-     On Pg.175 Ahab fills the goblets of all of the crew and tells them Drink and swear, wipeout to Moby Dick, God hunt us all if we do not hunt moby dick to his death.

Television and Media - Is Iraq the Next Big Hit for Reality TV? Essay

Iraq The Next Big Hit for Reality TV We went into Iraq with a heroic action movie acting in our heads, but the photographs from Abu Ghraib showed us another movie. Not Independence Day but Kill heydayand, in the deluge of new photos and videotapes, Kill Bill 2.Yet for all that the photographs from the Iraqi prison invite comparison to big-budget depravity, this is to give the perpetrators too much creative credit. Ultimately, the better comparison is not to the imaginative booby hatch of a Quentin Tarentino movie but to the mundane chaos of reality TV.To compare the kind of humiliation suffered by the prisoners in Abu Ghraid to reality TV may come out in bad taste. The shows consider with middle-class men and women who have willingly chosen, based on some twisted idea of celebrity, to subject themselves to public humiliation. The photos deal with citizens of a conquered nation whose humiliation is coerced. The prisoners are literally and figuratively a world away from the cater wauling TV contestants. What is similar about the two situations, however, is the underlying alive(p) and the role the camera plays in both.Reality TV is the enactment, for entertainment purposes, of primal drives. These are the drives that Freud identified as libido (the drive for sex) and aggression (the drive to destroy). The two prototypal shows in the reality line-up are Survivor and The Bachelor. The former favors aggression the latter, libido. Other reality shows can be viewed as spin-offs of one or the other of these two The Apprentice, for example, is Survivor set in the corporate board room Extreme Make-over is The Bachelor set in a plastic surgeons office.Although in most of these shows, one drive predominates, it is impossible, as Fr... ... purgation and a penanceand perhaps in some cases it does. But the general result is to normalize the untied display of aggression and libido. In a culture saturated with the exposure of primal impulses, constraint no longer carrie s any weight. The camera has given enlist to the idea that everything is permitted when it is exhibited in public view.Who can blame the soldiers, then, for behaving as though they were on a reality TV show? The humiliation to which they subjected their prisoners probably seemed to them the like the antics perpetrated on Survivor only a few months earlier. Because cameras were present, their behavior probably seemed more acceptable rather than less. After all, if one takes a picture, it enters the culture of archetype where it becomes normalized into a prank, a spectacle, or, at worst, the unfortunate consequence of losing a game.

Physics of the Ear Essay -- Term Papers Research

Physics of the EarThe ear is an extraordinary human organ that many people take for granted until it doesnt feed. It is the only whatsis that allows the human to hear clayeys in their environment. The ear is made up of many parts that distinguish various sounds through different means. The ear anatomy and physiology along with how sound waves are transmitted into meaningful sounds will help one understand how hearing loss occurs.The ear is made up of three areas the outer, middle, and cozy ear. The outer ear is very important for collecting sound waves. It is made up of the pinna and the ear canal. The pinna, the actual physical outward appearance of the ear, receives sound waves and begins to funnel them into the ear canal. The ear canal is also known as the auditory meatus which is basically a convoluted tube. The next part of the ear, the tympanic membrane, is the informant of the middle ear. The ear drum is crucial in the ability to hear. The tympanic membrane leads to a cha in of small bones known as the pounding (hammer), incus (anvil), and the stapes (stirrup). The stapes is ended with the footplate, a bone that looks like a stirrup. This area is known as the middle ear or the tympanic cavity. Located at the bottom of this area is the Eustachian tube which leads down to the throat. Its main purpose is to maintain the equalization of pressure between the tympanic cavity and the nimbus as the air in the cavity is absorbed by the cells of its surface. The next area is the inner ear. This area contains many important structures to the hearing process. It begins with the oval windowpane which is struck by the footplate of the Stapes. The cochlea is the area where most sound is transmitted from waves into impulses. W... ... environment. In order to do that we must know the anatomy of our ear and how it functions. An important function is how the sound wave is transmitted into meaningful information through means of frequency, amplitude, and location. By understanding how the ear functions people are able to understand and save hearing loss. WORKS CITEDDavid, Edward E. Jr., John K. Pierce, and William A. Van Bergeijk. Waves, and the Ear. NY Anchor Books. 1960. p- 34-50Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics A World View, 4th ed. Orlando, FL. Harcourt College Publishers 2001. p- 365-71Littler, T.S. The Physics of the Ear, v3. NY Macmillan Company. 1965. P- 1-9Pickles, James O. An Intro to the Physiology of earshot. NY Academic Press. 1982. p- 264- 79Sataloff, Joseph. Hearing Loss. Philadelphia J.B. Lippincott Company. 1980 P- 67 75 175-77

Juvenile Boot Camps Do Not Reduce Juvenile Delinquency Essay -- Boot C

IntroductionJuvenile delinquency is a relatively new phenomenon. For this reason, societys reactions and solutions to the problem of delinquency are also innovative developments. The United States developed the first youth court in 1899 and is now home to many new and formerly untested methods of juvenile rehabilitation and correction. angiotensin converting enzyme of many unique course of studys within the Juvenile Justice system, boot camps are institutions designed to keep delinquent juveniles out of traditional incarceration facilities and still entrust a structured method of punishment and rehabilitation. Boot camps developed in the early 1990s and quickly proliferated throughout the nation. Specifically, they are short-term residential programs sculpturesque after military basic training facilities (Meade & Steiner, 2010). Designed with the goal of reducing recidivism and preventing violent offenses, boot camps target non-violent individuals under the age of 18 and typica lly pull up already violent off give upers. In theory, boot camps apprehend juveniles while they are committing minor delinquency and prevent more-serious crime by giving the juvenile offender a more optimistic, community oriented outlook (Ravenell, 2002). Fundamentally, boot camps have four central purposes rehabilitation, punishment, deterrence, and cost control (Muscar, 2008). Boot Camps Origination and Development spot quasi-military correctional facilities are a form of social control that society has used for hundreds of years, modern boot camps have a very brief history. In 1974, the United States enacted the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA hereafter). The act contained four central mandatesFirst, status offenders, youths who commit offenses that would... ...matic review of the evidence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 841-853. Muscar, J. (2008). Advocating the end of juvenile boot camps Why the military model does not belong in the juvenile justic e system. UC Davis Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 12(1), 2-50. Ravenell, T. E. (2002). Left, odd, left, right left The search for rights and remedies in juvenile boot camps. The Colombia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 35(4), 347-371. Shoemaker, D. J. (2009). Juvenile delinquency. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Tyler, J., Darville, R., & Stalnaker, K. (2001). Juvenile boot camps a descriptive analysis of program diversity and effectiveness. The Social Science Journal, 38, 445-460. Wiatrowski, M.D., Griswold, D.B., & Roberts, M.K. (1981). Social control theory and delinquency. American Sociological Review, 46(5), 525-541.

Juvenile Boot Camps Do Not Reduce Juvenile Delinquency Essay -- Boot C

IntroductionJuvenile delinquency is a relatively new phenomenon. For this reason, societys reactions and solutions to the problem of delinquency are alike modern developments. The United States developed the first youth court in 1899 and is now home to many new and formerly untested methods of new-made renewal and correction. One of many unique programs within the Juvenile Justice system, boot camps are institutions designed to keep delinquent juveniles out of traditional incarceration facilities and however provide a structured method of punishment and rehabilitation. Boot camps developed in the early 1990s and quickly proliferated throughout the nation. Specifically, they are short-term residential programs modeled after military basic training facilities (Meade & Steiner, 2010). Designed with the goal of reducing recidivism and preventing violent offenses, boot camps target non-violent individuals under the age of 18 and typically exclude already violent offenders. In theory, boot camps apprehend juveniles while they are committing minor delinquency and prevent more-serious crime by giving the juvenile offender a more optimistic, community oriented outlook (Ravenell, 2002). Fundamentally, boot camps have four central purposes rehabilitation, punishment, deterrence, and cost control (Muscar, 2008). Boot Camps Origination and information While quasi-military correctional facilities are a form of social control that society has used for hundreds of years, modern boot camps have a very design history. In 1974, the United States enacted the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA hereafter). The act contained four central mandatesFirst, status offenders, youths who commit offenses that would... ...matic review of the evidence. Journal of vile Justice, 38, 841-853. Muscar, J. (2008). Advocating the end of juvenile boot camps Why the military model does not belong in the juvenile justice system. UC Davis Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 12(1), 2-50. Ravenell, T. E. (2002). Left, left, left, pay left The search for rights and remedies in juvenile boot camps. The Colombia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 35(4), 347-371. Shoemaker, D. J. (2009). Juvenile delinquency. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Tyler, J., Darville, R., & Stalnaker, K. (2001). Juvenile boot camps a descriptive summary of program diversity and effectiveness. The Social Science Journal, 38, 445-460. Wiatrowski, M.D., Griswold, D.B., & Roberts, M.K. (1981). Social control theory and delinquency. American Sociological Review, 46(5), 525-541.

Violent Video Games

Researchers, p arnts and educators atomic number 18 all discussing the controversy around red icon games and their influence on kids. The auditory modality bets to be divided into two large groups one is in favor of restricting or even banning cutthroat pic games as they catch up with children (and, arguably, adults as well) more than prone to aggressive behavior, like that seen on the screen. Opponents of this view claim that video games do not score tearing behavior in real life and are, in fact, a safe outlet to natural aggression and frustration.Representatives of the first group such as John Leo, in his hold When Life Imitates Video argue that watching countless deaths and identifying with killers would undoubtedly lead to hatful feeling more comfortable more or less violence and suffering in their e trulyday life. He even goes so far as to assure that compete games that involve shooting people is uniform to undergoing training to kill (in otherwise words, it is like a dress rehearsal of potential murders). (Leo 1999).On the other hand, on that point are claims that knockdown-dragout media are beneficial Cones), because in the present world kids are at a higher risk of growing up passive and weak than violent and riotous, and when hey see examples of rebellion, domination and well, violence, they are able to channel their curb feelings and count with issues that otherwise remain unresolved. In my opinion, violent video games cannot be promptly responsible for real-life violence but on the contrary they can booster release stress and anger in non-violent methods.John Leo agrees that most murders are not directly connected to violent games. However, he says that some murders are. In particular, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, the students who remove 13 and wounded 21 more people in Columbine high school massacre, enjoyed playing video games such as Doom, and they acted out in real life what they contribute seen on the screen. Well, even in this particular case, it is not that simple. Obviously, a lot more than playing murderous games contributed to the actual killings in Colorado.The teenager murderers were frequently the victims of bullying (involving being covered in ketchup in school cafeteria and having fecal matter propel at them). Once they were arrested base on wrongful accusations, and that was very traumatic for both of them. The mother of Dylan Klebold admitted that she prayed that her son would ommit suicide this illustrates lack of support for the boy in the family. The other youth, Eric Harris, was taking an antidepressant, which he abruptly discontinued, and that is another possible reason for emotional instability and elevated aggression levels.All of the above does not indicate that Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris were solely innocent. They were not. Yet, there crimes were not caused directly by video games, as most likely their playing violent games were not a cause but an result of frustra tion which they had because of different factors. If there are essons to be learned from this massacre, it is necessary to realize that to prevent another incident like that from happening, it would be in qualified to near ban violent video games.A lot of issues involving peer and teacher support, mental health, prevention of bullying, education, closer attention to what is going on in kids lives need to be resolved to promote rubber eraser and achieve sure this type of episode is never repeated. Also, video games have been around for several decades, enchantment Going backrest to the Colorado massacre, Dylan and Eric thought very highly of Adolf Hitler. Their obsession with anti-human philosophies has no fellowship to violent video games, but obviously it displays that the kids were not properly socialized.The games were not the only outlet of feelings of aggression, rejection and frustration that the boys carried around. And, utterance of Adolf Hitler he obviously never pl ayed violent video games, merely because they were not around back then. That did not make him a nice person, bushel to resolve conflicts peacefully. And he is not alone, human history abounds in ruthless, cruel, ready to inflict pain and degrade other people. And, historically, these dictators have not played violent computer games either.Gerard Jones is more persuasive because he is talking about his personal experience and that of his son, and some other real kids. irrelevant John Leo, who did not seem to do the background check on the Colorado massacre (or else, ignored the findings and picked out only the facts that support his theory), Gerard Jones evidence looks more persuasive, as he indicates that violent video games (and comics, and other media products, for that matter) not only channel aggression, they help to manage such emotions as fear, greed, rage and power hunger.In youthful society, those emotions are considered inappropriate. Children, however, have to deal wi th them and imaginary selves, capable of handling and using those motivations, are very helpful in this aspect. Statistics show that crime does not go up in the countries where people play a lot of video games. The crime rate depends on other things prosperity, economics, psychological wellbeing, and so on, violent media field of study does not seem to be one of them. However, maybe virtual violence make people less sensitive and more engrossed with themselves, less emphatic to others?These matters are really voiceless to measure however, in my opinion, our society is placing emphasis on equal opportunities, fair play, human rights and charity. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that people straightaway are callous, insensitive and heartless. That is simply not true. The studies that show that there is a link between violence on screen and violence in reality, say that there is a connection but not necessarily cause-and- mental picture dependency. In other words, people who tend to be violent would choose violent games, while the reverse statement does not hold true.It is true that the video games, movies, comics and stories all bear influence upon the society at large and each individual subdivision of it. Indeed, watching indiscriminate violent content all the time does not contribute to a child growing up into a reasonable, intelligent or, for that matter, lusty adult. However, there is no sufficient reason to state that there is a direct connection between violent video games and real-life violence they rather render are verse effect of calming down negative feelings. Works Cited Jones, Gerard. Violent Media is Good for Kids. June 27, 2000. Web. 24 Feb. 2013Violent Video GamesResearchers, parents and educators are all discussing the controversy around violent video games and their influence on kids. The audience seems to be divided into two large groups one is in favor of restricting or even banning violent video games as they make children (and, ar guably, adults as well) more prone to aggressive behavior, like that seen on the screen. Opponents of this view claim that video games do not cause violent behavior in real life and are, in fact, a safe outlet to natural aggression and frustration.Representatives of the first group such as John Leo, in his article When Life Imitates Video argue that watching countless deaths and identifying with killers would undoubtedly lead to people feeling more comfortable about violence and suffering in their everyday life. He even goes so far as to say that playing games that involve shooting people is akin to undergoing training to kill (in other words, it is like a dress rehearsal of potential murders). (Leo 1999).On the other hand, there are claims that violent media are beneficial Cones), because in the present world kids are at a higher risk of growing up passive and weak than violent and riotous, and when hey see examples of rebellion, domination and well, violence, they are able to chan nel their suppressed feelings and deal with issues that otherwise remain unresolved. In my opinion, violent video games cannot be directly responsible for real-life violence but on the contrary they can help release stress and anger in non-violent methods.John Leo agrees that most murders are not directly connected to violent games. However, he says that some murders are. In particular, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, the students who murdered 13 and wounded 21 more people in Columbine high school massacre, enjoyed playing video games such as Doom, and they acted out in real life what they have seen on the screen. Well, even in this particular case, it is not that simple. Obviously, a lot more than playing murderous games contributed to the actual killings in Colorado.The teenager murderers were frequently the victims of bullying (involving being covered in ketchup in school cafeteria and having fecal matter thrown at them). Once they were arrested based on wrongful accusations, and that was very traumatic for both of them. The mother of Dylan Klebold admitted that she prayed that her son would ommit suicide this illustrates lack of support for the boy in the family. The other youth, Eric Harris, was taking an antidepressant, which he abruptly discontinued, and that is another possible reason for emotional instability and elevated aggression levels.All of the above does not indicate that Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris were completely innocent. They were not. Yet, there crimes were not caused directly by video games, as most likely their playing violent games were not a cause but an outcome of frustration which they had because of different factors. If there are essons to be learned from this massacre, it is necessary to realize that to prevent another incident like that from happening, it would be insufficient to Just ban violent video games.A lot of issues involving peer and teacher support, mental health, prevention of bullying, education, closer attention to what is going on in kids lives need to be resolved to promote safety and make sure this type of episode is never repeated. Also, video games have been around for several decades, while Going back to the Colorado massacre, Dylan and Eric thought very highly of Adolf Hitler. Their obsession with anti-human philosophies has no connection to violent video games, but obviously it displays that the kids were not properly socialized.The games were not the only outlet of feelings of aggression, rejection and frustration that the boys carried around. And, speaking of Adolf Hitler he obviously never played violent video games, simply because they were not around back then. That did not make him a nice person, ready to resolve conflicts peacefully. And he is not alone, human history abounds in ruthless, cruel, ready to inflict pain and degrade other people. And, historically, these dictators have not played violent computer games either.Gerard Jones is more persuasive because he is talking ab out his personal experience and that of his son, and some other real kids. Unlike John Leo, who did not seem to do the background check on the Colorado massacre (or else, ignored the findings and picked out only the facts that support his theory), Gerard Jones evidence looks more persuasive, as he indicates that violent video games (and comics, and other media products, for that matter) not only channel aggression, they help to manage such emotions as fear, greed, rage and power hunger.In modern society, those emotions are considered inappropriate. Children, however, have to deal with them and imaginary selves, capable of handling and using those motivations, are very helpful in this aspect. Statistics show that crime does not go up in the countries where people play a lot of video games. The crime rate depends on other things prosperity, economics, psychological wellbeing, and so on, violent media content does not seem to be one of them. However, maybe virtual violence make people less sensitive and more engrossed with themselves, less emphatic to others?These matters are really hard to measure however, in my opinion, our society is placing emphasis on equal opportunities, fair play, human rights and charity. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that people now are callous, insensitive and heartless. That is simply not true. The studies that show that there is a link between violence on screen and violence in reality, say that there is a connection but not necessarily cause-and-effect dependency. In other words, people who tend to be violent would choose violent games, while the reverse statement does not hold true.It is true that the video games, movies, comics and stories all bear influence upon the society at large and each individual member of it. Indeed, watching indiscriminate violent content all the time does not contribute to a child growing up into a reasonable, intelligent or, for that matter, healthy adult. However, there is no sufficient reason to s tate that there is a direct connection between violent video games and real-life violence they rather demonstrate are verse effect of calming down negative feelings. Works Cited Jones, Gerard. Violent Media is Good for Kids. June 27, 2000. Web. 24 Feb. 2013

The Two Best Job Searching Methods

There is no doubt that people who want to have a good lifespan dream of a good job. Although it may seem us easy to notice a job, people have to struggle so much for having a good job because of great competition about accept top position even average positions. There are various shipway to find a job such as internet, direct application, newspapers, using connections or friends, networking. In my opinion internet and networking are the two most of effective ways a finding a job.Internet is a constitution that is infinitely useful and serviceable when it used effective and correctly. Internet is a wide network what spans the world. It contains a lot of recruitment agencies, cooperation websites, association sites, newsletters and freelance job options and in the present day access to internet very easily. This also provides an opportunity to become an telltale(a) job searching. Based on The Conference Board report , newspapers and online ads are used by 70% of all job seekers for recruitment (2006)p1.It was established a lot of websites in order to bring together job searchers with employers such as secretcv. com, kariyer. net, yenibiris. com, monster. com. All over the world engagement agencies are accepted by companies and employers. Nowadays, most of company advertise only when this websites, and choose their workers by means of who appealed this websites with their CV. Especially large companies are not permit direct application for some positions. Another effective job searching method is networking.Communication and relations compose the basis of the network because many jobs are never advertised. Networking also comprises not only business networking websites but also friendships, exhibitions, shows, seminars, training. Firstly, lets consider business networking websites such as linekedin. com, bni. com. Their aim is create a platform where professionals from all kinds of unlike industries can meet up, find jobs, new assignments, cooperation partne rs, experts and generate business ideas.With more people getting online now, business networking sites are attracting a great deal of help for their role in bolstering professional relationships and facilitating new connections. Secondly, some companies organize seminars thus they explain about their business and accept graduated or students who suitable in order to their business. In this way more and more people are employed. According to Goodman, networking is the leader of job searching because it is on the success of 50% regarded in generally (2009)p2. I believe that networking is a giant world in its own right.

Medea Reflectiv Statement

Ana Maksimovic IB English 11/ 3 Per. Ms Bachmann 03/11/2012 335 manner of speaking Reflective Statement Medea has lot information that is often not conspicuous to the reader. In Medea the place and sequence play a big role. The place matters because of the crimsonts that happen. The events be related to Gods and gods were mainly famous in Greece. If you would change the place the meaning of gods would lose its importance.Time is al behaviors relevant because the play was written a long time ago and it shows how life was back then. Nowadays the country people live in is owned by the state however this was not always the case. pricker in the time there were individual kings who had the actor over their whole land/country. Hard to understand was when the characters in the play referred to goddesses. If someone doesnt subsist what the God stands for it was a bit confusing. Also easy for me to understand was the role of women.Not that I understand that they dont have the same right simply if you compare the equality between women and men now it is easy follow the concept how it was in Greece a long time ago. Definitely the role of women outhouse still be related to nowadays even if the equality between men and women got better it is still not on the same level even if it should. Also the fact that the children stay with their mom when the dad leaves kind of reminds me of today in the society.A really big connection between today and Medea is that men had the power over a country. They used to own their own country but that hasnt changed that much because most presidents are still male. The technique of using the section of the population during speeches or just conflicts is very interesting. This kind of technique shows you what the other people think and it also makes the conflict more clear and understanding. Also the way Euripides uses the dramatic irony gives the whole play the final touch.

Healthy Eating Essay

Eating foods containing fat does not seem like a smart thing to do especially if you atomic number 18 dieting, but certain fats argon essential to ingest sure our bodies remain healthy. There are fats to avoid and these are known as the bad fats. Saturated fats and trans-fats are considered bad fats. This character reference of fat would include butter since it is more solid even at room temperature. Eating too much of these fats can receive your cholesterol levels to rise. naughty consumption of these fats can also cause a stroke and possibly lead to heart disease. Not all fats are bad though. There are good fats such as polyunsaturated fats and monounsaturated fats.If these fats are consumed in moderation, they have the ability to lower cholesterol. There are risks to having too much of any sign of fat. Too much could lead to excessive weight gain and obesity. Maintaining a healthy diet can be done with close monitoring to make sure you are taking in as many calories as you are burning. Taking in more calories than you are burning will cause you to gain weight. It is important to eat high-fiber foods, fat-free and low fat along with whole grains, fruits and vegetables.Fiber is also essential to a healthy diet. Eating a high-fiber diet will add bulk to what you are eating and you will remain full longer which will prevent unnecessary snacking. There are 2 types of fiber, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber turns to gel when combined with water to slow down digestion so you feel full for a longer breaker point of time. Insoluble fiber speeds up the process of the food we eat going through our stomach and intestines and adds bulk to our stools. There are so many ways to get fiber into your diet such as most cereals, fruits, vegetables, whole grains and dried beans. High-fiber diets are beneficial. Fiber aids in constipation and helps things run swimmingly and helps digestion. Diabetes and heart disease are sometimes treated with a high-fiber diet. Addi ng fiber into your diet is as simple as eating nuts to your snack or lentils to your soups and stews.

The factory system took little account of the needs of workers – How far do you agree with this statement?

On the whole I agree with this statement. Most pulverisation owners did non take into the account the unavoidably of their workers. However, there were some exceptions, sir Titus salt for example. To begin with I shall look at the factory system in habitual and the appalling living and working conditions it imposed on its workers.In the factory towns houses were squeezed into the centres of towns or around the factories. Landlords crammed as many pot into houses as they could. The water allow for was another problem. Sewage and rubbish was left in the backyard, piled up in the street or thrown into open drains, which ran down the roads. Even where there were drains and sewer pipes, they normally ran into the local rivers where deal collected their water.Most factory owners built the house quickly which made them not safe and also built them nigh together witch meant complaints, people having to share toilets which caused dirty water. People had to buy fresh water from carts and rich people.Sixty thousand of the population had no outpouring water except from wells and rain water(From the commercial directory of Leeds 1834)The dirty water caused lots of disease such as cholera. Cholera was a disease that arrived from the continent. It could kill a person very quickly. People only used to live to 19 on an average due to disease.The reason for this was that people worked at least 9 hours a day and only had quad hours sleep. Most people were too tired to eat after they came home from work. Most people only got paid fifteen shillings, which is equal to fifteen pence per week. If they wanted to work over time they only got a further three pence. Many people went to live in the towns so that they could find work in the factories. Before this they had worked in their homes. Factory life was very different.Children were ofttimes beaten black and grubby with a strap or kicked in the ribs. If you got injured. For example lost your finger in a machine you woul dnt have got any wages. Girls who had long hair often had their hair chopped off as a punishment for bad work. The power loom would of would of made a terrible noise this causing damage/ear acre for the factory workers most of the time they was nothing to stop the workers from breathing in the dust from the machines. My eldest. The cog caught her finger and screwed it off below the knuckle(Samuel Coulson, sire of two girls, giving evidence to the committee 1832)The factory owners only paid their workers very little amount of money or even none at all when they were off due to sickness, they may have even lost there jobs and became paupers. Those people who were fit were made to go to the workhouse often families were separated. The food was sorry and they had to where a uniform. at that place were 129 steam factories in Bradford and Bradford had become the world centre of the worsted industry. Worsted is a fine woollen cloth used to unsex womens dresses and mens suits. The town often attracted tens of thousands of migrants mainly vernal men and women who wanted to work in the mills, they came from all over the British Isles. The town was unable to know with them. No one took responsibility for a long time. There were terrible problems of drunkenness, violence and crime. The pollution of the atmosphere in Bradford was dreadful. When the magistrates tried to introduce the workhouse system to Bradford in 1836 they had to flee to Leeds as the mob tried to take control of the town.This map shows that there was only a little built up area in Bradford about 1800But in 1879 they where much more houses built more closely together and more people were living in them.The rapid ontogenesis of population caused terrible problems because there were no rules or regulations about building houses.Here I take a source from the Bradford Observer June 5th 1845.Thompsons buildings this vicinity is situate on an eminence at the foot of which runs a filthy beck, or strea m, impregnated with the refuse of dye houses, manufactories, and dwellings contiguous to it. The streets are narrow and filthy, and the general array of the dwellings unfavourable to health. The inhabitants uniformly complain of ill health. In 12 cases taken on rotation, the figures showed that the dwellings are inhabited by ninety-five persons, having only twenty four beds, or eight to one bedroom, the average size of which is seventeen feet by fifteen. bailiwick 7 Family 9 ,rooms and beds 2, house workers 5. lawsuit 8 Same amount of family, beds, and rooms as last house workers 4.Case 9 Family 6 rooms and beds 2, house workers 4.Case 10 Family 10, rooms and beds 2 house workers 5.Case 11 Family 7 rooms 2 bed 1 house workers 4.Case 12 Family 11 rooms 3 beds 2, house workers 5.Case 13 Family 8 rooms, beds, and workers 2 females, charcoal.Case 14 Family 12, rooms 2, beds 3, workers 4 females 2 coals.Case 15 Family 7 rooms and beds 2 workers 4 female 1.Case 16 Family 10 rooms 2, bed s 3 workers 4.Case 18 Family 4 room and bed workers 2 female 1.This meant that they would be more pollution they would be more sewage in the streets, which would attract rats and other vermin.The pollution was so bad that the canal was called STINK RIVER. A survey in 1845 revealed that between 8 and 12 people lived in two rooms on average. This, along with poor sanitation, badly built (jerry built) houses caused the life expectation in Bradford to be the last-place in Yorkshire only 20 years of age.They were exceptions though my first example is Robert Owen 1771 1858.Between the years 1815 to 1820 they was distress and a lot of unemployment. Parliaments were Luke warm about the impertinently idea, but the setting up of villages of co-operation remained the basic aim of socialists and the co-operative movement up to the middle of the nineteenth centaury. One of the most dramatic events in Robert Owens life was the forming of the overbearing National Consolidated Trades Union in 1 834. Though the settlements were a failure, the co-operative movements inspired Robert Owen, spread rapidly through Britain between 1826 and 1835, when some two hundred and l Co-operative societies were formed. They set up stores for the sale of high quality goods at reasonable prices and formed producers co-operatives to help the unemployed. It was the co-operative retail shop, which gave the movement its greatest success.Here I include the map of Robert Owens successful mill, New Lanark.Owen gave socialism all its basic ideas. He laid the foundations of the co-operative movement and left his mark on trade unionism. He was a pioneer in a factory reform and progressive education, and few men have played such a rangy part in social reform.Now I go on to look at my second example, Sir Titus Salt.Sir Titus Salt was born at Morley in 1803. He first worked for his go as a wool merchant. He later set up his own spinning plant in Bradford in 1834. By this time he had married Caroline Wh itlon, The daughter of a rich Lincolnshire sheep farmer.He first carried out a social survey among his workers to see what size house they needed. It had not previously occurred to anyone that a worker with ten children needed more rooms in his house than a worker with one child.Sir Titus Salt chose a state of affairs adjoining the Leeds Liverpool canal, the River Aire and the newly made railway station, So he had ideal transport facilities for his trading. It was a massive mill, he chose innovative architects, and agreed to their suggestion of Italianite style. There was space, light and warmth in his new mill. The location was superb, in a green and pleasant are. The mill opened in 1853 on Titus Salts 50th birthday.He then created an entire village of houses, park, school, library, recreation and a learning institute and an outdoor sport facility. The streets were named after his children and family. He called this village Saltaire.Titus employed a large number of workers in comb ing, spinning and weaving his cloth. He had business connections throughout Europe and America and yet For in his making his thousands he never forgot, the thousands who helped him to assume themTitus had simple but good education, and would have liked to become a doctor, but could not stand the sight of blood, so that ambition was quashed, although it did show that young Titus was aware of health and disease. His family were Congregationalists, and religion was very influential in their upbringing.On the whole I agree that the factory system took little account of the needs of its workers but there were exceptions, sir Titus Salt and Robert Owen were one of these exceptions.

Extreme tourism and Antarctica Essay

What is Extreme Tourism? Extreme touristry is an offshoot of mainstream tourism that involves the tourist going to areas with a hazardous landscape combined with a dangerous climate or remote areas that are either sparsely live or not populated at all. More and more(prenominal) people are taking part in activities the like rock climbing, white-water rafting, paragliding and more. Who Takes Part? More a bus than not, the typical calamity tourist provide be 30 years old, unmarried person and have no children.Due to the expensive nature of these holidays, those taking part will most likely be in high power jobs, which would allow them to earn a high income. Most people will come in small groups but there are a few wealthy individuals who go by themselves. As real few people go on these types of holidays, the sector will never be as large as other tourism sectors like eco-tourism. What are the Attractions? The most popular areas for extreme tourism are Peru, Chile, Argentina, A zerbaijan and Pakistan. These areas boast difficult landscapes, hard climates and even unstable political situations.A notable example of this would be the mountainous regions of north Pakistan. They are often described as some of the most difficult landscapes in the world and, as mentioned earlier, some feel that the risky political situation (as it is near an Al Qaeda base) adds an extra trembling. Other more mainstream attractions include desert trekking, canoeing in areas like the Amazon and hiking in the Himalayas. Antarctica What Activities are there? Most of the activities available in Antarctica are based around the unique climate and wildlife present there.The activities vary from sporting activities such as skiing and hiking expeditions, to viewing the native wildlife like whales and penguins. Activities like living with the Emperor Penguins are very popular among tourists as you arent required to be very physically fit and it can be very touching to be around them. Other activities like skiing across large distances or hiking up mountains like Mount Vincent are a lot more demanding physically and as such fewer people go on these expeditions, yet they are still quite popular due to the thrill achieved by taking part in these dangerous activities.How has the Number of Tourists going to Antarctica Changed? Tourism in the Antarctic regions started in the late 1950s (approximately 1958), half a century after Amundsen and his team first arrived at the South Pole. At this time the numbers of people visiting the area were very low, a gross(a) contrast with the numbers of tourists arriving today which is somewhere around 28,000 people per year. The number of people visiting is only expected to go up as more activities are made and marketing of the area increases. What are the Impacts of Tourism?While those in charge of the tours do their best to ensure that any impacts caused by the tourists are minimal or dont even happen, it is nigh impossible for them t o remove the risk altogether. As a result, there are impacts caused by the tourists and the effect of some of them can be quite considerate. The most obvious impact brought on by tourists is the disturbance of the native wildlife such as the emperor penguins. compassionate interaction with these animals can cause major effects such as a change in migration patterns leading to further effects in the ecosystem as a whole.Impacts can come in other means as well. The sinking of the MS Explorer showed that access to the area needed to be curb and lead to fuel spilling in the water, doing untold damage to the marine life. How have the Impacts been managed? All tour operators, of which there are more than 100, are members of the International railroad tie of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) and are urged to be environmentally friendly in their practices and are asked to convince tourists to be as well.In order to preserve more tender areas, there are certain Sites of Special Scientif ic Interest (SSSIs) which tourists are not allowed to visit so that the wildlife and inhabitants are protected. allone wishing to take part in activities on the island must have a permit and are banned from leaving any waste/litter behind and being closer than 5m to an animal. Any ships going to the area is limited in the amount of passengers it can have (500 max of which only 100 can disembark at once).

The Roman town

The Roman Town was laid out with straight roads and it was in a grid pattern. The shape was a sort of full-blooded aswell. It was enclosed with a w on the whole, which had four gates and eighteen towers including the two, which were at the sides of each gate. In the town there would have been an amphitheatre, a theatre, the main temple, the forum, a undersized temple, a bathhouse, a games room and some shops (small shops not like the NAAFI or Tesco). In the town centre the theatre, forum, a temple and the amphitheatre. The town was defended with a wall, which went all the way around the town. The armies, which guarded the wall and gates, defended the town.Shops, market and forum.Butchers, bakers, pieshops, wine shops, pottery shops, clothes shops, and fruit shops, coal shops, drink shops and food shops were the roman shops. The goods were made at the villa and workshops at the back of the shops. The things only few people could afford were glass vases, nice and well-decorated pots, vases, silk and jewellery. Shoes, woollen cloth, normal pots, food and drink were the things m whatsoever people could afford.On the streets there would have been beggars begging, soldiers marching, guarding things and arresting people, shop keepers shouting out what theyre selling, people buying things, people weighing things and children and people running about. It would have been very fussy with all the selling, buying and running about going on. I really like to live during the roman times in those busy streets.The forum was most-valuable aswell as lots of other things. It was principal(prenominal) because it had the basilica (town hall and law courts), the curia (where the town council meets), the treasury (where all the towns money is) and the tabularium (all the official documents were kept there).Temples.People believed temples were important God or Goddess homes. The things that went on at the temples were praying, killing of animals and then examining of the dead anim als to see if the gods were pleased or angry.Vesta was the Goddess of purity, nurture and hearth. A sacred flame fire in her temple in capital of Italy.Juno was Jupiters wife and sister. She was Goddess of women and children.Mars was god of war and was always dressed as a Roman soldier. He is the son of Juno.Jupiter was the caput god. The god of the sky and thunder, he carries thunderbolts around to throw.The temple had 27 decorated pillars holding it up and a tiled roof lying on altitude. At the front of the temple there would have been a gold statue of the god or goddess whose temple it was. Inside the floor was made of marble and stone blocks with fire in the middle would have lit the temple. The walls both inside and outside would have been nicely decorated.The Amphitheatre.An amphitheatre was an oval arena where gladiators fought each other or wild animals. The word amphitheatre means theatre in the round. The Coliseum is Romes most famous amphitheatre. The amphitheatre had seats like steps save bigger going up all around the sides of it. There are 3 types of gladiator, they are Retiar, Throcian and MirmilloMY TIMETABLE OF THE AMPHITHEATRE.0900-1003 The Circus 11008-1055 Warm Up Fight1100-1200 The Death Fight1205-1300 The Circus 21305-1405 No-man Fight11410-1430 Executions1435-1555 Lunch Break1600-1700 Wild Beast Hunt1705-1820 Animal Or HumanDEATH1825-1845 Executions1850-1950 No-man Fight2Homes And Houses.The SlumsIn Rome flats were about 7 storeys high. They were usually dirty. As the storeys went up they got smaller. The poorest people lived on the top floors (the smallest apartments). People hanged their washing on lines which went from one window to another. The very top was open (no-roof) and it was used to store things on like chickens, crops and other things. In a flat the kind of furniture you would find was beds, tables, chairs, draws, shelves and cupboardsThe disadvantages of living in a flat are flats arent very big and you have to trust e veryone not to go and take or eat your food or steel any of your things and plus there was a lot of noise.The Merchants HouseThe two biggest areas in the merchants house were the impluvium and the atruim. The floors were mosaic and that made them well decorated. The walls were also decorated, but they were decorated with stucco.The Villa.The villas were on the outskirts of the town. Although they were luxurious houses they were usually at the heart of a working farm they were well furnished and had mosaic floors.

Accountable Practitioner Essay

As registered go down ons you are effectually and professionally responsible for your actions, irrespective of whether you are following the instructions of a nonher or using your own initiative (Griffith and Tengnah, 2010). The consideration of what office convey in nursing go for is a key part in the foundation of nursing, some would say that existence responsible means world responsible, and as a consequence taking the blame when something goes scathe.To be accountable is to be answerable for your acts and omissions, this is the access adopted by the guard and midwifery Council (NMC) the nursing regulatory body. It states inside its code You are soulfulnessally accountable for your actions and omissions in your approach pattern and must always be able to justify your closings (NMC, 2008). Therefore right is being answerable for your acts to a higher authority with whom you bemuse a legal relationship. A wider take in of responsibility is defined as an inhere nt confidence as a professional that allows a shield to take pride in being transparent ab come forth the way he or she has carried emerge their practice (Caulfield, 2005).In order to provide maximum protection to the semipublic and uncomplainings once against misconduct of registered nurses, four areas of jurisprudence are drawn unitedly which individually hold you to account. These are society through public police, unhurried through tort law, employer through the contract of employment and profession through statute law, such as the NMC.This assignment ordain reflect on the return field and study carried out within the Accountable practitioner module including lectures and facilitated group sessions in which reflective diaries were entire see auxiliary I-IV. By completing a bag Ca white plague Analysis (RCA), a system used to find flaws and opportunities for improvement of health care, on the Pamela Scenario, it was highlighted that the stem turn assent was an area of come to (Transition to Practice, 2012). I will therefore be looking into the three pillars of accountability which are professional, legal and ethical and relating for each one of these to my chosen theme and wearing this to the Pamela Scenario.Professional AccountabilityProfessional accountability consists of an ethos in nursing that is based on promoting the welfare and wellbeing of perseverings through nursing care. This all comes together within the heart of nursing. Within our group sessions we discussed who registered nurses are accountable to, these being through the provisions of the Nurses, Midwives and wellness Visitors Act 1997 and the Nursing and tocology Order 2001.The NMC was established under these provisions in 2002 to protect the public by establishing standards of education, training, conduct and performance for nurses to ensure these standards are concured (Nursing and Midwifery Order, 2001). Professional accountability allows nurses to work within a simulation of practice and follow principles of conduct solidifying out by the NMC that maintain the longanimouss trust in the individual nurse and nursing as a whole (Caulfield, 2005).Obtaining consent affirms the patients right to self-discrimination and autonomy. The NMC code of professional conduct has a separate section on consent (NMC, 2002). Clause 3 requires that as a registered nurse, midwife or health visitor you must aim consent sooner you give any intervention or care.The professional duty recognises the jimmy of autonomy in clause 3.2 and states that a refusal to receive discussion must be protected redden where this may result in harm or death to the individual. The professional duty excessively requires that the nurse gives discipline that is accurate and truthful and this must be presented in a way that is easily dumb (Bowman, 2012).Within the Pamela scenario there is no suggestion as to whether consent was gained. At the beginning of her care, when sh e was admitted to an orthopaedic hospital cover they suggested a skin traction should be applied to the affected limb, however no consent was gained and the cater on the ward took it upon themselves to do whether this was the best action. Within our group we discussed that at this point Pamela was mentally equal of giving communicate consent see appendix II.Pamela later became very agitated and confused and was eventually referred for a CT scan which showed findings of Alzheimers disease. From this point onwards there is no evidence to suggest that consent was gained from someone with mightiness following the Mental competency Act (2005) where they state a person is unavailing to make a decision for themselves if they are unable to derive information given to them, retain that information, use or weigh that information as part of the process in do a decision and communicate that information.In this instance it is non possible to determine whether Pamela was able to give informed consent herself or whether any family members gave this for her. Professionally the module within the ward that made this decision on her behalf would be held accountable.Legal AccountabilityThe law is a major area of accountability for nursing practice. The law is a set of rules, regulations and cases that provide interpretation of the rules and regulations that apply to society. There are very clear penalties for anyone, including nurses, who snap off to follow the rules set out by law. Within our group sessions we discussed the two systems of law within the UK see appendix I civil law and criminal law, each one consists of its own structure and different rules apply for each system (Young, 2008). The types of civil law that affect accountability in nursing practice include disputes with employers, cases of patients suing due to allegations of negligence and cases where a nurse sues her employer due to injury at work.All these cases are heard in civil courts and the judge can award compensation. Criminal law is the system designed to assess that rules set out by parliament are followed. The acts of parliament deal with issues such as medicines, suicide, organ and waver donation, mental health and decisions about health care where a person does non puddle the capableness to make their views known.Criminal penalties include fines or imprisonment (Caulfield, 2005).The law recognises that adults have a right to determine what will be done to their bodies. Touching a person without consent is generally unlawful and will amount to infringe to the person or, more rarely, a criminal assault. Unlike other civil wrong doings such as negligence which requires harm, any unlawful mournful is actionable despite whether being done with the best of motives (Tingle and Cribb, 2007). When obtaining consent, you must ensure that the patient agrees with all the treatment intended to be carried out. exercise with treatment that the patient is unconscious of, or has refused to agree to will be a trespass to the person and actionable to law.Nurses must therefore take care to explain all the treatment or touching that will occur when obtaining consent from a patient and ensure that any additional treatment is subject to further consent (Savage and Moore, 2004). Consent is an expression of autonomy and must be free survival of the individual. It cannot be obtained by undue influence (Griffith and Tengnah, 2010, p.82). In law, undue means that the influence must remove the patients free will and be so forceful that the patient excludes all other considerations when making their choice.It is an established part of law that no treatment may be given to an individual, whether it be clinical or nursing unless the patient has consented (Johnstone, 2009). Therefore as consent was not gained within the Pamela scenario when deciding whether to apply traction to her leg the doctors and nurses touch on in making the decision on her behalf would be held legally accountable and could face criminal prosecution.Within our facilitated group sessions we discussed the following established principles which must all be snug before consent is sufficient see appendix III consent should be given by someone with capacity. Within the scenario it is stated that Pamela was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, however the family were not asked to consent on her behalf following the Mental Capacity Act (2005).Sufficient information should be given to the patient is the second principle. Pamelas family state they were unaware of what was happening with her care and within the complaints letter, Pamelas daughter states staff did not give her relevant information even when Pamela wasdiagnosed with Alzheimers. The third principle the consent must be freely given, due to the staff not gaining any consent and taking the decision into their own hands this principle like the preceding two was also not followed. The negligence and consent alone within this scenario would place the staff involved directly into legal accountability. good AccountabilityAccountability is an important ethical concept because nursing practice involves a relationship between the nurse and the patient (Fry, 2004). Within our group sessions we discussed Beauchamp and Childress (2001) who developed a swanwork which offers a broad consideration of ethical issues. This consists of four principles respect for autonomy which means respecting the decision-making capacities of autonomous persons alter individuals to make reasoned informed choices. Beneficence,this considers the balancing of benefits of treatment against the risks and costs the healthcare professional should act in a way that benefits the patient.Non maleficence, this meansavoiding the causation of harm, the healthcare professional should not harm the patient. All treatment involves some harm, even if minimal, but the harm should not be disproportionate to the benefits of treatment. And final ly, justice, this includes distributing benefits, risks and costs fairly, the notion that patients in similar beats should be treated in a similar manner.Consent is a moral and legal foundation of modern health care. Treatment that proceeds without consent of the patient immediately requires a stark(a) moral investigation. Despite the fact that consent may have been given it is important to ensure this means more than the mere fact a form has been signed. The main role of consent is to protect patients and in particular to protect their status of autonomy and enable them to remain in control of their own lives (Fry and Johnstone, 2008).In ethical terms, consent is important because it demonstrates respect for autonomy, therefore through participating in a consent process the persons autonomy may be further parentd by having the choice to accept or decline care. For some individuals their ability to consent may be compromised by their position within their cultural group. For exam ple, women within certain cultures might have the capacity to consent but would not expect to have the right todetermine what happens to them (Chadwick and Tadd, 2003). If consent was not gained and treatment was carried out on a person within an ethical group who did not agree to the treatment, then that person would be held ethically accountable.In the scenario, nurses did not apply skin traction to Pamelas leg despite the admitting doctor suggesting that it be applied. Ethically, this related to non-maleficence as it can be assumed the traction was not applied due to the treatment having a conservative nature and the nurses believing it would be of no benefit to Pamela in regards to pain relief. excessively a large majority of care was carried out after Pamela was diagnosed with Alzheimers which leaves her vulnerable to treatment being carried out without consent from her or her family.ConclusionThroughout the module I have developed my sensation of the professional, ethical an d legal issues that are associated with providing accountable health and social care. I was able to reflect on my own learning and development as an accountable practitioner and participate in the facilitated group sessions. I have increased in confidence and developed communication skills by having the opportunity to speak and voice my opinion in front of other colleagues this will enable me to participate in handover and various team up meetings whilst out in practice.Analysing the scenario in groups enabled me to gain a clearer understanding into the issues raised and this allowed the assignment to be completed with confidence. I was able to strengthen my ability to appraise and use related evidence based literary productions to butt up my statements which were from a variety of sources. Finally, being able to choose our own theme from the scenario enabled me to have a greater awareness of consent which will benefit me when out in practice.Part BI shall be using the Gibbs Ref lective Cycle (1988) to reflect upon a critical incident that I have witnessed out during a ward based placement. The Gibbs reflective cycle suggests that theory and practice adjunct each other in a never-ending circle which was coined from Kolbs experiential learningcycle. By using the Gibbs reflective cycle I shall be looking into how I felt during the time, what I felt and thought after the incident and most importantly what I would do differently next time. featureThe incident I will be looking back on occurred whilst on placement within an orthopaedic ward when I was given the opportunity to assist a registered nurse on her medicine round. I had previously assisted her on doses rounds she was adroit for me to administer the medication which was Enoxaparin on this particular patient. As I joined her with the medicine round part way through, due to helping another patient she had already confirmed the patients name and date of endure and the patient had verbally consented to the administration and therefore I was told me to just administer it.I followed all the relevant policies and procedures whilst administering the medication however I did not understand why the registered nurse would allow me to administer the drug without myself gaining consent from the patient to ensure he was happy for a student nurse to carry out the administration. I therefore explained to the patient that I was a student nurse and I had previously carried out an administration of enoxaparin but explained to him that I would not be offended if he was not happy for me to administer the drug myself. I had been looking after this patient over a get along of days and had therefore gained his trust so he verbally consented to me administering the drug and allowed me to continue.Thoughts and FeelingsWhilst I was administering the medication I felt very footsure as I had administered a number of these previously and also having a patient who was happy for me to carry this out en abled me to complete this competently. The patient also spoke to me throughout about his personal life so I was reassured that he was not feeling worried or anxious and therefore placed me in a confident frame of mind. The registered nurse was also shadowing me whilst I administered the drug so I was happy I was not going to make a mistake.EvaluationThere was nothing bad about this experience apart(predicate) from the confusion of the registered nurse telling me not to follow protocol and double check his date of let and consent, however I felt I did the correct thing. I enjoyed administering the Enoxaparin as I felt it would enhance my experience and it was good practice for me, especially as this drug was a very common drug used within most hospital wards.AnalysisAlthough I felt confident administering the Enoxaparin, I did not feel all that confident when asked to administer the medication without checking the patients name and date of birth and gaining consent which is a vital protocol of administration of medicines set out by the NMC (2010). Looking back I should have voiced my concerns and asked why she did not want me to confirm these however I did not want to headland my mentors experience or authority.A number of accountability issues were raised within this practice in which I later discussed with my mentor so I could confirm I did the correct thing. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) states that the administration of medicines is a vital aspect of professional practice for registered nurses which are to be performed in strict compliance with the written prescription of a medical practitioner requiring exercise of professional brain (NMC, 2010).The NMC (2010) also state within their consent code To make the care of people their first concern and ensure they gain consent before they begin any treatment or care I did carry out this principle although asked not to by the nurse I was working with. If I did not carry out these checks although onl y a student nurse I would still be held accountable for my actions when I knew this was against protocol.ConclusionAs a student nurse it is acceptable to assist with drug ward rounds and administering medications, however when I was asked to administer the medication without the patients identity confirmed and consent gained I should have state I did not feel pleasant with the task as it was not working in accompaniment with the NMCs standards of medicines administrationsbut I would observe. When teaching a student and to improve general practice general the nurse in question should have asked me to confirm the patients name and date of birth and gained consent before administering the medicine.Although there was no issue with administering medicine to the wrong patient or any ethical issues due to not gaining consent on this day, this could have been a very big nursing error create a potentially big problem with accountability on my behalf.Action PlanAs a student nurse it is im portant to take opportunities to learn new skills when following a mentor that you might not necessarily feel entirely confident with however ultimate responsibility remains with me if I do not feel confident in the situation that I have been assigned. Although I was confident with the task in hand I was not happy with the way I was asked to carry out this procedure by missing out vital NMC code protocols. The only thing I would have done different in this situation would be to say I did not feel comfortable with administering medication to a patient without carrying out the relevant checks and I should have confronted the nurse in question and asked why she did not tell me to ask for these details.Although she had carried these out previously she did not explain to the patient that I was a student nurse and this could have gone very wrong. If placed in this situation again I would not change anything which I personally did myself, I would still follow the NMC guidance on medicines administration (NMC, 2010) which therefore takes me out of the accountability question if anything was to go wrong, however I would confront the nurse and ask why these checks were asked to be skipped.ReferencesBeauchamp, T and Childress, J. (2008) Principles Biomedical moral philosophy. 6th ed. Oxford Oxford University Press. Bowman, D. (2012) Informed Consent A primer coat for clinical Practice. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Caulfield, H. (2005) Accountability. Oxford Blackwell Publishing.Chadwick, R and Tadd, W. (2003) Ethics and Nursing Practice A Case StudyApproach. Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan.Fry, ST. (Ed.) (2004) Nursing Ethics Encyclopaedia of Bioethics. tertiary ed. New York Macmillan.Fry, ST and Johnstone, MJ. (2008) Ethics in Nursing Practice A Guide to Ethical Decision Making. 3rd ed. Oxford Blackwell Publishing.GIBBS, G. (1998) Learning by Doing A Guide to Teaching and Learning. capital of the United Kingdom FEUGriffith, R and Tengnah, C. (2010) law of natur e and Professional Issues in Nursing. 2nd ed. Exeter Learning Matters Ltd.Johnstone, MJ. (2009) Bioethics A nursing perspective. 5th ed. Sydney Elsevier.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2002) autograph of Professional Conduct. London NMC.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) The Code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London NMC.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC ) (2010) Standards for Medicine Management. London NMC.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2010) Regulation in Practice Consent. London NMC.Nursing and Midwifery Order (2001) Article 3. London NMC.Savage, J and Moore, L. (2004) Interpreting Accountability. London Royal College of Nursing.Tingle,J and Cribb, A. (2007) Nursing law of nature and Ethics. 3rd ed. Oxford Blackwell PublishingTransition to Practice (2012) Root Cause Analysis Steps. online Available at http//transitiontopractice.org/files/module4/QI%20-%20Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20steps.pdf Accessed 12 September 2012. Y oung, A. (2008) Review The legal duty of care for nurses and other health care professionals. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 18 pp. 3071-3078.BibliographyConfidentiality Act (1991) Great Britain. London HMSO.Data Protection Act (1998) Great Britain. London HMSOHendric, J. (2000) Law and Ethics in Nursing and Health Care. Cheltenham Stanley Thornes Ltd.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2006) Standards of Proficiency for Nurse and Midwifery Prescribers. London NMCRoyal College of Nursing (RCN) (2006) Nurses and Medicines Legislation An Information Paper. London NMC.Reeves, M and Orford, J. (2002) Fundamental Aspects of Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues in Nursing. Wiltshire Mark Allen.Tschudin, V. (1996) Ethics Nurses and Patients. London Bailliere Tindal. Watson, R. (1995) Accountability in Nursing Practice. London Chapman and Hall.Appendices adjunct I individualised Diary airplane 1 (25/06/12)Appendix IIPersonal Diary Sheet 2 (09/07/12)Appendix IIIPersonal Diary Sheet 3 (16/0 7/12)Appendix IVPersonal Diary Sheet 4 (23/07/12)

American Film History: Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers

Agnes de Mille once said that the truest locution of people is in its bounce and in its music. Bodies never lie. (Warner, p30) And indeed, Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, a most celebrated dancing duo epitomized the meaning of words and emotions through their dance that was ever caught in pictorial matter.As such, era both(prenominal) film actors never gained recognition in their acting rushs in their 10 renowned musicals, they nevertheless authentic their most deserved place in the history of American film as iconic symbols of dance that brought poetry and song to the human body.Fred and Ginger are Broadway actors before they came to Hollywood. Fred was a stage dancer and choreographer whose career in acting and dancing started at a very early age during which he partnered with his child Adelle in Vaudeville shows.When his sister married, he went on his own to make a name in a Broadway musical, Gay Divorce. (Harvey and Sennett, pp 23-25) Ginger on the other hand started her Broadway debut in give-up the ghost Speed, which catapulted her to a lead role the following year in the musical, Girl Crazy. In 1931, the celluloid, The Tip Off marked her entry to Hollywood.(Whissen, p282-283) Both Fred and Ginger have outstanding and blossoming careers aside from each other, until their first pairing came in 1933 in a film that will lead to the discovery of the unparalleled chemistry and charisma of their dancing prowess to the astonishment and delight of the viewing public. This marked the opening of a dance collaboration that will entertain the American people in the next agree of decades that continued to remain unrivaled in the world up to this date.Flying Down To RioIn 1933, Flying Down to Rio was rendered into a film and first featured Fred and Ginger dancing together. It was a love triangle story amid Roger, Belinha and her fianc, Julio. Roger leads an orchestral band where Fred and Ginger are members.Fred was the assistant band leader who played the accordion while Ginger was the lead vocalist for the band. In pursuing the love of Belinha, Roger left his band which gave the opportunity for Fred to tone of voice up. In the end, Roger and Belinha successfully get together leaving the band to Fred and Ginger.Both Fred and Ginger were not the lead characters in the film but their dance performance especially in the airplane-wing-dance at the end of the story took the brilliance that overshadowed the plot and the main characters of the story. In fact, the pairs performance is what enjoined the people to watch the film and gained its censorious acclaim.Incidentally, one of the notable dance moves introduced in the movie is the forehead-to-forehead stance, the Carioca, which introduced the sensual samba dance to US movie audiences.(Berry, p131) This instantly became a national dance craze. The movie claimed its due place in the American film history for unearthing the dance magic of Fred and Ginger that obtained vast appeal among t he masses and initiated their unequaled dance fusion in the coming years.

The Comparison of Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner

The Comparison of Sigmund Freud and B. F. skinner One name that jumps out at the point of psychological science, or the instruct in that location of, is the name of Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud is likewise know as the Father of Psychoanalysis. Freud was also cognise for having the tendency to trace nearly all psychological problems back to sexual issues. Although only parts of his conjecture of psychosexual development are still accepted by mainstream psychologists, Freuds theory of the Oedipal Complex has become a cultural icon (Freud, Sigmund, 2012).Freud is known for developing the use of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is based on the observation that masses are often unaware of many of the things that determine their emotions and behavior. Psychoanalytic treatment demonstrates how the unconscious affects current relationships and patterns of behavior. It then(prenominal) helps track them back to historic experiences, such as in childhood, and helps people to deal bett er with how past experiences then affect their current adult life (Freud, Sigmund, 2012).Freuds contributions that often comes to mind while persuasion of psychoanalysis include the therapy couch, the use of talk therapy, and his theories about the unconscious which include the role of repression, denial, sublimation, and projection. (The individual(a)) Freud also incorporated the use of dream analysis and the study of dreams. time working with his patients, they began to spontaneously tell their dreams. Freud became implicated in dreams and the revelations that they could provide as doors to the inner psyche (The Individual).He soon systematically included version of dreams in psychoanalysis, as well as hypnosis and free association of the dreams that had been revealight-emitting diode. Freud was one of the first psychologists to utilize hypnosis in therapy. Freuds interest in what lay beyond the conscious mind and in the practice of hypnotism and what led hysteria eventually l ed him to study with the famous neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot of the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris (The Individual). When Freud returned to Vienna, he began using hypnosis, massage, and pressure on the head to get patients to dredge up thoughts elated to their symptoms. nevertheless later did he ask them to say whatever crossed their minds. This he called free association, and had already been describe as the talking cure (The Individual). Just as Freud is known as the father of Psychoanalysis, B. F. Skinner is often referred to ask the the father of operant teach. B. F. Skinner is also known for major contributions to the field of psychology ( most B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). Skinner was a prolific author, publishing nearly 200 articles and more than 20 books.Skinner was most known for his work in behavior psychology. Behavioral psychology is the psychological practice that focuses on learning new-fashioned behaviors and how to modify our existing behavior and how that takes place (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). One of his major contributions was his theory of operant instruct. Operant instruct means roughly, the changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement, either positive or negative, and which these reinforcements are presumptuousness after the desired response (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012).Skinner identified three types of responses or operant that feces follow behavior. While behaviorism is no longer a dominant school of thought, the work in operant conditioning remains today. Many different types of professionals utilize operant conditioning in society today. Mental health professionals often utilize operant techniques when working with clients (The Individual). Teachers frequently use reinforcement and punishment to material body behavior of their students in the classroom. Animal trainers even rely on these techniques to train dogs and other animals.In order to study Operant conditioning and its affects on rats, Skinner develope d a device known as the Skinner Box. This was used in lab experiments to judge the outcome of certain stimuli on rats and how their behavior would adjustment from said stimuli (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). Skinner was an inventor of many things. He also worked on a product which he called, The Baby Tender. The baby adoring was developed due to his wifes concern that there was a need for a safer crib, where there wouldnt be worries of the infants extremities getting caught in between the bars.The baby tender was an enclosed and heated crib with a plexiglass window. Unfortunately, the baby tender was confused with the Skinner box that was used in experiments in rats (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). Skinner did not do conditioning experiments on babies in the baby tender it was developed as simply a safer crib for newborns. some(prenominal) the ideas of Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner have had major influences in the field of psychology and psychological practices.Both Freud and Skinner have influenced how psychology is used in therapy on patients as well as practical uses that leave the clinical realm, and can be used in everyday life. Resources B. F. Skinner Foundation About B. F. Skinner. B. F. Skinner Foundation About B. F. Skinner. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Freud, SigmundA . N. p. , n. d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. . SECTION TWO The Individual Therapy and Theory. The Individual Therapy and Theory. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012

Rice by Manuel Arguilla Essay

I. Writers accentuateHe was born in Barrio Naguilian in Bauang, La Union on June 17, 1911. He was the fourth youngster of Crisanto Arguilla and Margarita Estabillo, hard- running(a) developer folk who owned a small piece of land. Aside from being a farmer, his perplex was in addition a carpenter his mother, on the other hand, was an occasional potter.When he was seven years old, he enrolled in a direct in the neighbouring Barrio Calumbaya, where he was taught the cartilla by Alfredo Abuan. Later, he transferred to the public elementary condition in Bauang, La Union and graduated in 1926.Arguilla was a brilliant and active student. Aside from excelling in academics at the provincial elevated school in San Fernando, he edited as well the schools official organ, the La Union Tab. A wide reader, he won in a vocabulary contest held in the school. He was a champion swimmer and an expert tango dancer, incessantly winning in dance contests. He was known to convey a therapeutic pers onality and was well-loved by everyone he knew for he liked to listen to people tell him their stories. Anything that interested him became an almost intrinsic segment of him. It took him only three years to complete his secondary education, graduating as class salutatorian in high school.In 1926, he entered the University of the Philippines. While studying, he worked as a writer and printing assistant at the Carmelo and Bauermann office. He became a member of the UP Writers Club, and eventually led it in the school year 1932-1933. He also came to edit the Literary Apprentice. In 1933, he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Science in education. During the resembling period, he married Lydia Villanueva, a nonher aspiring writer.After graduating, he taught at the University of Manila while working at the Bureau of Public Welfare. The Arguillas stand along M.H. Del Pilar in Manila became a recourse for friends and fellow writers, such as Estrella Alfon, Jose Garcia Villa, N.V.M. Go nzales and A.V.H. Hartendorp.Arguilla did not remain a teacher for long for he believed that writers were born, not made, and that a talent for writing was an innate attri ande that could never be taught or acquired. Before departure his students, he counselled them to just read volumes of stories.In 1940, he became the managing editor of the Bureau of Welfare newsletter, the Welfare Advocate. He worked at the Bureau for three years until the latter half of 1943. By then, the country had been under Japanese occupation for two years. He was appointed to the Board of Censors and was asked to serve in the Japanese propaganda agency. But Arguilla had also just become an agent of the Markings Guerillas. Thus, while apparently working for the Japanese, he was actually heading the Porch, the Markings counter-intelligence and propaganda unit operating in Manila.It was not long before the enemy discovered his guerrilla activities, and subsequently, had him arrested in February 1944. along with his mother and a few relatives, he was incarcerated to Fort Santiago. His wife was initially unaware of his arrest but later, was able to evade the dragnet. After two months, Arguillas mother and relatives were released, while he was transferred to the Old Bilibid Prisons. Later, after being tortured and subjected to a sham trial, he was brought spinal column to Fort Santiago for execution.Arguilla the writer much portrayed the life of the ordinary Filipino, usually the rural Ilocano, in his more than 50 short stories that have permanently enriched Philippine Literature. The critic Leopoldo Y. Yabes cited him as the best craftsman among Filipino fictionists in English, (whose voice) is the only unfeignedly authentic voice. He is shamelessly Filipino. His stories are still considered unrivalled in his depiction of the life of the Ilocano farmer.In the prime of his life, Arguilla died a heros death. Yet he would not be forgotten. On June 12, 1972, Arguilla was honoured with a posthumous award, the republic Cultural Heritage Award. He was cited for producing literary works that have continued to figure out Filipino fiction writing and literary scholarship. In his honour, a marker was installed in his hometown on magisterial 25, 1983.II. SynopsisAn afternoon on a hut with a tamarind tree beside it, Pablo, an old farmer, came from the farm and unhitched his carabao upon its empty sled and began to feed it with a grass. Then, he called her wife, Sebia, from their hut but no one answers him. He goes to the neighbourhood to ask if theyve seen Sebia and his children but Osiang, their neighbour, seems not hearing what Mang Pablo is postulation and give a question back regarding his husband Andres. Later sometime Osing told Mang Pablo that his wife and three children went to the creek for some snails.Mang Pablo reminisce the scenario later that cockcrow when he with the several other tenants driven with their sleds to the house of the senora to borrow some gra ins. But as they go changes come, their usual tersiohan system on borrowing became takipan meaning the amount that they borrow becomes double at garner time. His co-tenants refuse for this is too much and cant even know if they can pay it barely at the time given. In the end everyone leave with an empty sled and will come home without any rice to eat.Then, Osiangs voice broke the silence. Asking if he had already cooked their rice and offered him pieces of coal. When he is about to go back home Andres came and give a sign telling he moldiness wait for him. Andres dark, broad and squat man, wearing a printed camisa de chino appeared asking Mang Pablo if he is coming with them. Mang Pablo advice he not to continue this because they will commit stealing but Andres together with other men is desperate.As he turned, he had seen wife and three children and was accompanied with a man. The man told him that they are fishing in the field but Sebia disagreed and told him that they are just gathering some snails. Then, the watchman told Mang Pablo that they must pay five cavanes. Sebia is asking for the rice but Mang Pablo told him that there is no rice while looking in his hungry children sightedness weakness and pain then he asks for his bolo joining Andres and together they walked to the house of Eli.

Five Forces Analysis-US Express Mail Industry Essay

Question 1 asked to substitute a five forces analysis of the US Express Mail pains. A five forces analysis is do to rate the attractiveness of an industry. Threat of new entry is low because the barriers to entry atomic number 18 high. Newcomers to the industry would request an enormous amount of up front capital to set up the distribution networks and infrastructure, such as establishing hubs, and acquiring aircraft and a large amount of ground transportation vehicles (vans, trucks, ect). Economies of scale be significant and would discourage new firms from entranceway because initial sales volumes would be low do to the fact that existing brands already moderate strong brand identification, and there are no cost advantages to entering, like government subsidiaries or favorable locations. There would also be aggressive reaction from the three main players (FedEx, UPS, Airborne) since the aim of challenger is already so high.Buyer power (customers consisting of businesses and the general public) is high mainly because the large volume of customers have no brand loyalty in the crush out mail industry. Customers base their selection of a common carrier on reliability, price, and convenience and there is not much product differentiation in any of those areas amidst carriers so customers can bounce around between carriers, essentially playing the competitors against each other, forcing prices down and demanding high quality and dish outs. Supplier power is high overall. The main inputs, or supplies, for the express mail industry are fuel, airports, aircraft, ground transportation, and the employees. The employees are unionized and have the power to demand higher wages and benefits, they may not always get that, but then there is the potential for strikes, like with UPS, which be UPS $700 million in revenues and hurt their reputation. Fuel is another supplier power that is high. Fuel is a key comp angiotensin converting enzyment and there is limited bargaining when it comes to negotiating fuel prices.Another key product is the airports, there are only a few in each major(ip) city, and the carriers have to go where they have to go, hitting those hubs in major cities, thus causing there to be little bargaining power with airports. The airports and the aircraft suppliers arent only relying on the express mail industry, so that also gives those suppliers more power to charge what they want (landing fees, cost of planes). territory transportation vehicles is the only input that would allow for more bargaining power since there are legion(predicate) alternatives available, there is more room for theindustry players to negotiate price. The availability of substitutes is medium mainly because there arent a large number of substitutes out there for express mail outside of the industry. Most beside day deliveries are business documents, parcels, letters, ect, not typically cargo. So substitutes could include email and faxes, both ar e faster and cheaper than express mailing. Depending on the nature of the business, video conferencing or the old fashion telephone could be used.If the parcel is going somewhere local maybe could use bike messengers, or just guide deliver. There are also the second stage players, like RPS, DHL and TNT, while they are still in the delivery industry they tend to specialize in areas other than express mail. With RPS, it is second day service at 40-50% less, and a business that does a large amount of overseas or international express shipments may want to substitute with DHL or TNT, who specialize and differentiate themselves in the international market. The Intensity of disputation is high. The domestic express mail industry only consists of three major firms, UPS, FedEx, and Airborne, and six second tier firms, such as DHL, RPS, and the U.S. Postal Service so there isnt a high level of concentration. The big three make up 85% of the U.S. express mail market. There is intense compe tition, when one company lowers prices, so does another, leading to price wars. When one company improves it technology or offers more service, so do the others, leading to difficulty in differentiating products.Fixed costs are high (planes, hubs, transportation) and when fixed costs are high it causes companies to want to reduce prices in order to sell more and generate more revenue, but the revenues have not kept up with falling prices and has caused the industry growth to be easily so the companies are all fighting for market share. The exit barriers are also high, financially and non-financially. financially because of the enormous amount of capital that has been invested (fleets of planes and/or trucks, set up of the distribution networks and infrastructures), and non-financially, mainly due to societal costs. People conduct business everyday and rely on urgent delivery of metre light-sensitive information (documents, contracts, and perishables like medical samples) and not having the services of the express mail industry to deliver those time sensitive parcels could cripple the economy, for example when UPS when on strike for 16 days, there was a noticeable fluster to the economy as a whole.So in conclusion, based upon this analysis, the US Express Mail Industry in terms of profitability is very unattractive and would be considered unattractive by any firms considering entering as well.

Disaster Preparedness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Disaster Preparedness - Essay ExampleAs for the relief, the best activity is to suck in policies and laws necessitating mandatory disaster prevention mechanisms in institutions, companies and organizations (Bradley, 2011).In ein truth county on the whole over the country, the above mentioned activities should be ensured. Training of all the people or at least mass of the people in a country (this is manageable as a country does not have many people and they know each other) on how to respond to different types of disasters is necessary. As a mitigation activity, this should be accompanied by a local law making it compulsory for everybody in that county to be trained so that they can know how to prevent disasters and deal with them in reason they are natural.Ambulances ( some(prenominal) of them) should be available in the county and situated in various locations that have easier access to all parts of the county and they should be well equipped and fuelled at all times so that i n case of disaster, they are expeditious to move. Lastly, there should be several trained counselors even if they have other careers so that in case of any disaster, they can be called upon to exercise the counseling duties to a lot of people over a period of time.2. When there is no response action (like an EOC activation), the public usually thinks that emergency managers are doing very little. However, this is not the case. Preparedness actions are always ongoing preparing a plan, training to the plan, and exercising the plan. Explain how this forget help a community in the long run?Ongoing preparedness plans have several advantages to the community in the long run. One of these is the fact that people do not have to mountain once a disaster occurs. In most cases, once a disaster occurs, people desex rush decisions, look up onto authorities adding pressure to them and laying blame on them and the outcome of this is a slow response, mangled recovery and even a lot of loss of l ife and property which would differently have been