Death in Hamlet

The story Hamlet is centralized around one common theme that stands as the constant dynamic struggle. Death threads its way through the entirety of† Hamlet, from the opening scene's confrontation with a dead man's ghost to the bloodbath of the final scene, which leaves almost every main character dead. Despite so many deaths, however, Shakespeare's treatment of the issue of death is especially obvious through his portrayal of Hamlet who is presented as a person preoccupied with the idea of death and the Ghost of King Hamlet. Hamlet constantly contemplates death from many angles.He is both seduced and repelled by the idea of suicide, but, in the famous gravedigger scene, he is also fascinated by the physical reality of death. In a way,† Hamlet† can be viewed as extended dialogue between Hamlet and death. As Hamlet progresses as a character in the story, he advances through many understandings of mortality and death and how it applies to himself and the characters around him. In the beginning he is much more believing in the concept that life is just a cruel stepping stone to death and beyond, but as he grows as a character and becomes more experienced, he understands the huge negative impact death plays on man.It is through these characters that the dramatist reveals his ambiguous representation of the principal theme. From the very beginning Hamlet reflects a youthful idolization of death, living life as a journey toward death. Although he is afraid of the Ghost, he tries to get in touch with him. Initially Hamlet is anxious about death, because he does not know what awaits him after death. Hamlet reflects his anxiety in one famous soliloquy, where he demonstrates the controversy of the issue of death.As he claims, iBut that the dread of something after death, / The undiscovered country from whose bourne / No traveler returns, puzzles the will / And makes us rather bear those ills we have / Than to fly to others we know not ofi (3. 1. 86-90). How ever, as Hamlet collides with cruelty, murders, injustice and deaths, he seems to form a certain unconcern towards death. In his search of revenge, Hamlet thinks much about death and afterlife. But these attempts to revenge for his father are only a prerequisite to Hamlet's thoughts of committing suicide.This obsession with death gradually drives him mad; William Shakespeare demonstrates this obsession with implicit mockery. For instance, when Hamlet kills Ophelia's father, he is not able to remember, where he hides his body; instead he starts to madly speak about the worms that eat a dead body. Shakespeare demonstrates that even Hamlet's appearance shows his obsession with death; he wears black clothes and looks depressed. In the graveyard scene Shakespeare intensifies Hamlet's preoccupation with death, revealing Hamlet's gloomy thoughts.As he claims, No, faith, not a jot; but to follow him thither with modesty enough and likelihood to lead it; as thus: Alexander died, Alexander wa s buried, Alexander returned into dust; the dust is earth (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 1. 201-206). In fact, the image of the grave is shown several times throughout the play to reveal the character's attitude towards death. With the exception of Hamlet, all characters demonstrate fear and pity at the sight of the grave that they associate with death. As Hamlet constantly thinks of death, he does not value his own life, as well as other people's lives.As a result, Hamlet appears to be also responsible for the death of Ophelia, Claudius, Polonius, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz. Thus, Hamlet's obsession transforms him from a miserable youth into a cruel murderer. However, contrary to other characters' deaths that are portrayed with a certain degree of irony, Hamlet's death is depicted in more serious terms. From the very beginning of Shakespeare's play each death seems to be blackened and is soon forgotten by other characters. For instance, Hamlet demonstrates that his father's death is alrea dy neglected by people, although King Hamlet died only a couple of months ago.When Horatio claims, My lord, I came to see your father's funeral, Hamlet responds: I prithee, do not mock me, fellow student. I think it was to see my mother's wedding (Shakespeare, 1985 1. 2. 183-185). Such an ironic viewpoint reveals that even the most generous people are forgotten. The death of Polonius is also ignored by the principal characters; Ophelia and Laertes are too preoccupied with their emotions and feelings to remember their father, and Hamlet who accidentally kills Polonius expresses only some sympathetic words: Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell (Shakespeare, 1985 3. . 38). Ophelia's death is described in even more ironical portrayal, as the dramatist presupposes that her death is a result of suicide and asks: Is she to be buried in Christian burial, when she wilfully seeks her own salvation? (Shakespeare, 1985 3. 4. 38). Similar to Ophelia's death, the deaths of Gertrude, Clau dius, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz are able to arouse only sympathy in readers. In this regard, Hamlet's death stands out against a background of other deaths; it evokes respect and powerful emotions towards the character.Although Hamlet expresses irony to death throughout the play, his death is a tragedy for those who knew him. As Horatio claims, Now cracks a noble heart. / Goodnight sweet prince. And a flight of angels sing thee to thy rest (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 2. 397-398). Hamlet's death is the tragedy for the whole country, because it has lost its noble king and can hardly find another great person. Fortinbras considers that For he was likely, had he been put upon, to have proved most royal Speak loudly for him (Shakespeare, 1985 5. . 443-446). Hamlet's noble death corresponds with the ideas of death maintained by such a Renaissance philosopher as Michel de Montaigne (1910) who claims that death uncovers the true essence of a person. According to him, a person can be really jud ged at his/her last moments. The similar attitude towards death is revealed by Sir Walter Raleigh who claimed that only death could provide people with real understanding of life. During his imprisonment Raleigh demonstrated real courage and was not afraid of death.As he wrote in the latter to his wife, I perceive that my death was determined from the first day (Raleigh, 1940, p. 82). In this regard, Hamlet's real self is obvious only after his death. At the end of the play Hamlet accepts his death with courage and inevitability. However, Shakespeare demonstrates that, despite Hamlet's indifference to life, he needs much time and courage to prepare himself for killing and death. As Hamlet observes numerous deaths, he becomes immune to his own fortune. He starts to perceive death with irony, realising that life has no value for him.To a certain extent, it is Hamlet's insanity that helps him to adjust to the idea of death and succeed in his revenge. As Hamlet collides with cruel reali ty, he seems to be mentally destroyed by it: Who does it, then? His madness. If't be so, / Hamlet is of the faction that is wrong'd; His madness is poor Hamlet's enemy (Shakespeare, 1985 2. 233-235). Simultaneously, the principal character manages to create an ironical attitude towards death that is intensified by the utilisation of Biblical and classical allusions.For instance, Hamlet's revenge resembles the classical story of Priam and Pyrrhus; when Priam kills the father of Pyrrhus, the latter decides to kill Priam in revenge. In Hamlet's case the irony is explained by the repetition of the situation, but Hamlet finds it difficult to succeed in his revenge; he avoids some fortunate situations and kills Claudius only at the end of the play. Another allusion is taken from the Bible: when Shakespeare (1985) mentions the primal eldest curse A brother's murder (3. 3. 40-41), he draws a parallel between the story of Cain and Abel with the murder of King Hamlet by Claudius.Although Clau dius seems to ask for forgiveness in the church, he does not really repent of his action. When Hamlet recognises the truth about his father's death, he decides to make a play ‘The Murder of Gonzago', where he implicitly depicts the murder of his father by King Claudius. Ironically, the play has a great impact on Hamlet who has to suppress his desire to kill Claudius and his mother Gertrude. As he states, Let not ever the soul of Nero enter this firm bosom. / Let me be firm, not unnatural. / I will speak daggers to her, but use none (Shakespeare, 1985 3. 2. 426-429).As Agrippina, the character of the play ‘The Murder of Gonzago', is killed by her son Nero, Hamlet is afraid of his desire to also kill his mother. Another element of death that Shakespeare strengthens in his play is the Dance of Death that is crucial for understanding the dramatist's interpretation of the issue. In the Renaissance this dance was performed in the form of a carnival, during which some people di sguised themselves into skeletons and guided other people into ‘afterlife'. As a humorous festivity, the Dance of Death was popular among different groups of people and was depicted in many dramatic works (Freedberg, 1989).The image of the Dance of Death occupies the principal place in Hamlet's graveyard scene. In Hamlet's conversation with the gravedigger, Shakespeare uncovers many important issues of existence. For instance, Hamlet asks Did these bones cost no more the breeding but to play at loggets with them? Mine ache to think on't (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 1. 91). The Dance of Death has a great impact on Hamlet, especially when he sees the skull of his friend Yorick who occupied a position of fool in the court during his life (Triggs, 1990, pp. 73-76).Hamlet realises that death is inevitable for all people, as he puts it, We fat all creatures else to fat us and we fat ourselves for maggots. Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service – two dishes but to one table (Shakespeare, 1985 4. 2. 21-24). The controversy of the Ghost reflects the controversial attitude of Elizabethan society to the issue of death and afterlife. If the Ghost is thought to come back from Purgatory, then Hamlet may believe that it is the Ghost of his father who suffers much and is in search of revenge (Low, 1999, pp. 63-472). However, the Ghost may also appear to come back from Hell; in this regard, his aim is to turn Hamlet into insanity. William Shakespeare reveals this controversy, but he does not solve it. The issue remains open throughout the play and is aggravated with the disappearance of the Ghost. Greenblatt (2001) even claims that purgatory exists in the imaginary universe of Hamlet and [it provides] many of the deep imaginative experiences, the tangled longing, guilt, pity and rage evoked by More (p. 252).However, the deaths of Hamlet and other principal characters of the play uncover the truth about these people. In particular, throughout the narra tion Hamlet pretends to have a secret, although he does not reveal it, but at the end he seems to expose his heart and all his secrets: Thou wouldst not think how ill all's here about my heart; but it is no matter It is but foolery (Shakespeare, 1985 5. 2. 208-211). Hamlet tries to fool other characters, but instead he fools himself, as he is not able to admit that he is also afraid of death.

Air Asia Marketing Essay

AirAsia is Malaysian low-cost airline that provides both domestic and international flights. AirAsia started operating on 18 November 1996, it pioneered low cost travelling in Asia. In 2001, the airline which was heavily indebted was purchased by Tony Fernandes’s company Tune Air Sdn Bhd. Under his charge, AirAsia has become one of the biggest low cost airlines operating in Asia today. Its main hub is based in the Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). As such, AirAsia consumers tend to be from the lower to middle income population. Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia are subsidiaries of AirAsia and are based in Suvarnabhumi Airport, Thailand and Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Indonesia, respectively. Company Analysis I. Segmentation AirAsia target market segment consist of three different but overlapping segments that were segmented according to Geographic Segmentation, Demographic Segmentation and Psychographic Segmentation. AirAsia is targets mainly the Asian market, hence the name AirAsia. As such, they do geographic segmentation by focusing their services primarily in Asia. Being a low cost airline, they are targeting the low to middle income group (demographic) and the cost-conscious travellers (psychographic). II. TOWS In order to find the current marketing challenges faced by AirAsia and to determine what are the possible solutions that they can implement, taking into consideration their opportunities and take advantage of their strengths, the TOWS analysis model (Threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths) will be used. Threats | Opportunities | * Intense competition (i.e. Tiger Airlines, Singapore Airlines) | * Asia’s middle class growth * ASEAN Open Skies * Increasing oil price| Weaknesses | Strengths | * Fair availability | * Well established brand name * Low cost leader in Asia | Threats What was once a relatively small market of low-cost airlines when AirAsia was first established, AirAsia not only has to face indirect competitors such as non-budget airlines (i.e. Singapore Airlines), ferries (i.e. Kuala Perlis Langkawi Ferry Service Sdn Bhd) and buses (i.e. Aeroline, now they are also threaten with intense direct competitors such as Tiger Airways and Jetstar Asia Airways. Opportunities Countries in Asia, such as China and India, are up-and-coming huge potential markets in the future. In China, there were already 130, 000, 000 consumers just in the middle class range in 2006. It is estimated to increase to 340, 000, 000 in 2016, a 162% growth from 2006 as shown in the graph below. This is beneficial for AirAsia as it means that their targeted consumers (low to middle income) will grow exponentially in the near future. ASEAN Open Skies is an agreement, targeted for 2015, to allow unlimited flights between all the ASEAN’s regional air carriers, both full services and low-cost airlines. The rationale for the Open Sky agreement is to promote competition in the airline industry. Due to its strong brand name and â€Å"low-cost† culture among its workforce, AirAsia is more likely to gain from this agreement. The increasing oil prices may seem like a threat to AirAsia, however being the low cost leader in Asia, this can actually be seen as an opportunity for them instead. This is because high oil prices would affect all the airlines and not just AirAsia. Thus, AirAsia will still be the lowest costing among all the different airlines. This could result in an increase in market share for AirAsia as customers from the different airlines would relocate to AirAsia. Weaknesses The availability of AirAsia flights is not good as full services airline. While fair availability may seem like a huge weakness that would need to be tackled and solved, it would be difficult for AirAsia to remain cost leader if it offered comprehensive support as it would result in increased operational cost. Strengths AirAsia’s brand name is well established in the Asian region. This was not only due to the fact that AirAsia the pioneered low cost travelling in Asia, but also because of the extensive advertising & promotions they have done. Indonesia AirAsia and Thai AirAsia have successfully helped AirAsia to spread the brand throughout the regional beyond just Malaysia. Due to AirAsia Academy, which AirAsia’s regional training academy located in Malaysia, it has helped to create a low-cost airline mentality among their workforce. It is because of this workforce that AirAsia has become the low-cost airline leader in Asia in terms of overall cost. In the table on the following page, it details the difference in terms of cost per available seat kilometres (ASK, which is the total number of seats available on scheduled flights multiplied by the number of kilometres these seats were flown), between AirAsia and the other competitors. Its shows that AirAsia  has a large advantage over t he competitors in this area. Source: http://sandygarink.tripod.com/papers/AA_IA.pdf Marketing Challenge Looking through the company analysis, the biggest marketing challenge currently faced by AirAsia is to remain competitive and protect their market share in the increasingly competitive market of low-cost airline. Recommendations I. Tap into the growing Asian Market For AirAsia to remain competitive and not only protect their market share but expand it as well, it is vital that AirAsia taps into and take advantage of the growing Asian Market. They can do this by adopting the following strategies. Market Challenger Strategies The market challenger strategies are a set of strategies that a company can employ to gain market share and becoming the leader eventually (Kotler and Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, latest 2010, 13th edition). AirAsia can use these strategies, specifically, frontal, flank, bypass and guerrilla attack, to make itself standout from the rest of the competitors and hopefully gain a larger market share of the growing Asia middle income population. Attacker Defender (3) Encirclement attack (4) Bypass attack (2) Flank attack (5) Guerrilla attack Frontal attack Source: Frontal Attack: Frontal attack refers to when you attack the weakness of another company’s product. In the case of AirAsia, they should attack their competitors through their prices. Due to the reasons listed above, AirAsia has become the low cost leader in Asia. It is unlikely for their rivals to be able to complete in terms of price alone in the long run. Thus, AirAsia should use their comparative low prices to challenge their competitors directly. The limitation to this form of attack is that AirAsia has to maintain that low cost advantage that they have. This means that they have to invest a large portion of their capital into their research and development section to ensure that they are flying at the lowest cost possible. One way AirAsia can further reduce their operational cost is by standardizing their aircraft. As shown in the table in the following page, AirAsia has currently 5 different types of aircraft, ranging from the Airbus A320-200 to the Airbus A350-900. However, if AirAsia was to reduce this to just two to three different types of aircraft it would lead to a drastic drop in cost, as economies of scale comes into effect when they buy and maintain the same type of aircraft Staff cost also reduce, as they only need to know how to handle a few types of aircraft, this leads to training time being reduced and eventually reducing operational cost. Flank Attack: Flank attack refers to attacking competitors at their weak points or blind spots. One of the things lacking in the low-cost airlines in Asia today is the ability to travel long distance at the same low price offered for the short duration trips. AirAsia already has AirAsia X, which provides this long haul flight services, however, their destinations are limited as they only go to the more popular countries such as London or Sydney. For that reason, one of the strategies AirAsia could implement is to form an alliance with low-cost airlines outside of Asia like Virgin Blue. This strategy will be further explained later in the report. Bypass Attack: This form of attack refers to diversifying into unrelated products or markets neglected by the other competitors. One of the ways AirAsia could diversify is by offering affordable accommodations at their destinations. These accommodations can be provided by Tune Hotels which is an associated company own by Tony Fernandes, who is also the CEO of AirAsia. Travellers will see this as a value added service as not only would they be able to get a cheap form of transportation but a place to stay as well. The limitation of providing accommodations is that it is financially infeasible to set up a hotel at all of their current flight destinations. As such, it would be better to start off by offering this service only at location where it would be difficult to get cheap lodging, for examples in the city areas of Japan. And as the company grow further, it can start to expand on the location where these hotels will be provided. Guerrilla Attack: AirAsia can apply guerrilla attacks by launching small, intermittent hit-and-run attacks to harass and destabilize the leader. AirAsia can use promotions for short periods of time to try and steal customers from their competitors. One such example is when AirAsia had a 48 hours promotion between 28 Sept – 29 Sept 2009, where they offered a 20% discount on all seats, flights and destinations. This is a very useful type of attack for AirAsia because of their low cost advantage, as they are able to maintain promotions, especially discounted price promotion, longer than their competitors with a lower lost in profit. The limitation of offering promotions is the reduction in the profit margin when they give discounted prices. However, this negative impact can be minimized by placing the promotions at strategically moments, such as only when competitors are offering promotions. Alliance with Virgin Blue and America As mentioned under the flank attack section, one of the ways AirAsia can attack their competitors is by offering a more extensive flight network outside of Asia. While AirAsia X is currently filling in this market of long haul flights for AirAsia, it is still not comprehensive enough and should be developed further. Virgin Blue and Virgin America are low cost airlines operating in Australia and America respectively. By partnering with them, AirAsia would be able to extend their destinations into Australia and America. For example, if a Malaysian traveller wanted to visit Los Angeles, he would first take an AirAsia route to travel from Kuala Lumpur to Washington, DC, and then take a Virgin America flight to Los Angeles. The rationale for choosing Virgin America is because America is one of the top destinations in terms of international tourist arrivals as seen in the table below, which will only increase with the growing Asian economy. By joining together with Virgin America, AirAsia can capitalize on this existing high human traffic flow going to America. While Australia does not fall under the top 10 international tourist arrivals countries, AirAsia should still focus on the Asia to Australia route. This is because as China and India develop there will be a huge increase in the number of international travellers, a majority of which would be made up of people who have never travelled outside the Asia region or even their countries. Thus, these people, wanting to taste a culture different from Asia but do not want to travel to a far off location such as America or Europe on their first trip, would choose to go to Australia. The advantage of this strategy is that it will not only  target the Asian market segment who wants to travel to locales outside of Asia but also cater to the market segment outside of Asia that wants to travel to Asia. The limitation of this strategy is that AirAsia would have to first form an alliance with low cost airliners in those regions, which could be a difficult process as proven by the already long list of failed airline alliance such as Air Canada/ Continental Airlines and Saberna/Air France (Nigel Evans, David Campbell, George Stonehouse, Strategic management for travel and tourism, 2003) Take advantage of the ASEAN Open Skies agreement As mentioned above, one of the things AirAsia can do to remain competitive in the future is to prepare for the ASEAN Open Skies agreement. With open skies in the ASEAN region, it would be mean that more routes are available for the airlines. For AirAsia, this means that they would be able to fly to more destinations while taking shorter routes as they would no longer be faced with restriction from the countries in the ASEAN region from flying over them. The shorter routes means that flights will take a shorter time to complete, frills such as providing meals may no longer be needed and the frequency of AirAsia flights could be increase as the turnover rate is higher. Thus, they would be able to reduce operational cost, which translates to lower prices, hence making AirAsia more attractive to the consumers. The limitation to this strategy is that the Open Skies agreement applies to all airlines in the ASEAN region, meaning that AirAsia would face even tougher competitions when the agreement starts in 2015. However, because of the strong brand image and low cost leader advantage AirAsia has, if they were one of the â€Å"early movers†, they could grab a huge portion of this market. II. Capitalize on the corporate business AirAsia have seen a recent increase in the numbers of companies (almost double the last 3 years, as seen in the following page table) trading down to low cost airlines, this could be due to the global economic downturn. As such, AirAsia should also be focusing on increasing their share in this corporate business market as this market tends have a more consistent source of demand unlike tourism which is seasonal and easily affected by external factors, such as in the case of the swine flu. AirAsia’s seats sold to corporate clients: 2006 to 1Q09 Source: AirAsia Loyalty programme To capture this market AirAsia could start offering a rewards program. AirAsia could offer perks that are earned according to the amount of business a company does with them. For example discounted pricing or with the more frequently fliers, a point system whereby the companies could earn free flights if they accumulated enough mileage. The limitation of this strategy is that AirAsia would have to incur a lower profit margin as they would now be selling at lower discounted prices. However, the pros far overweight the cons in the case of AirAsia. Once again due to being the low cost leader in Asia, the rewards program offered by AirAsia would likely be the most attractive compared to the other competitors as they can offer better perks, hence they could easily become the market leader in the corporate flying market, making up for the lower profit margin per seat by pure volume. Conclusion To recap, the main marketing challenge facing AirAsia at the moment is the intense competition that exist in the low cost airline industry. The strategies that AirAsia can implement to remain competitive are two pronged, to tap into the Asian middle income class and focus on the corporate businesses. They can capitalize on the Asian market by using market challenge strategies, standing out from the rest by attacking their competitors. Finally, they can take advantage of the corporate businesses by offering a form of loyalty programme that would make it more attractive for companies to use AirAsia. Ultimately, the reason why the above strategies would work is because of the low cost leader advantage that AirAsia has. In order to survive in this market, AirAsia has to ensure that they maintain their low cost altitude.

Elizabeth Taylor's personality Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elizabeth Taylor's personality - Term Paper Example 10). This was her first film role, and she played the role of a young equestrian who was competing in a national championship event. This role in National Velvet landed her other subsequent, but perhaps less notable roles, until she filmed Cleopatra, which rocketed her to cult star status. According to Royster (2003), â€Å"Indeed, for the rest of her life, Elizabeth Taylor tended most often to apply the excessive blue eyelid makeup designed for Cleopatra† (pp. 225). What Ms. Taylor is also known for is her elaborate relationships. According to the biographical news article â€Å"Elizabeth Taylor: News Stories About Elizabeth Taylor† (2011), â€Å"During her 79 years, Elizabeth Taylor appeared in more than 50 films, won two Oscars, and was married eight times to seven men† (pp. 1). Ms. Taylor also had several romances. According to the Elizabeth Taylor Biography article (2011), â€Å"Elizabeth's marital affairs have been a target of many tabloids† (pp. 1). Ms. Taylor did much charitable work. According to the article â€Å"In Loving Memory of Dame Elizabeth Taylor† (2011), she worked tirelessly for raising charitable donations to AIDS victims, gaining more federal funding for AIDS research (pgh. 4). Until her death, she was always supporting her various causes. As stated in Elizabeth Taylor’s Charity Work, Events, and Causes (2011), Ms. Taylor also worked to ensure the ethical treatment of animals by supporting the foundation entitled Dogs Deserve Better (pgh. 1). Certainly, Ms. Taylor was a woman of remarkable talents with assets to further her causes—which were extensions of her graceful and compassionate heart. Hopefully others will follow her example. An Analysis of Liz Taylor’s Behavior, Personality Traits and Observations About Feelings, Values, and Social Relationships Ms. Taylor’s behavior, personality traits, and some observations about her feelings, values, and social relationships will be discussed here. Ms. Taylor was never much of a â€Å"drama queen†Ã¢â‚¬â€except when it came to acting as well as personal life. She was not a standoffish person, but rather was a warm and kind individual thrust into the spotlight of fame perhaps a bit early. However, Ms. Taylor handled all of her interactions with grace and beauty. Even in her declining years, when she no longer could walk by herself, Ms. Taylor radiated a certain glow about her that was unmistakable. One of Ms. Taylor’s personality traits included the fact that she was a serial monogamist—at least, when she wasn’t having an extramarital affair. Why is it that under the long shadow cast by â€Å"old† studio Hollywood, such behavior was tolerated? Liz Taylor was indeed a beautiful woman, but what may have compelled her to get involved in such destructive relationships? Of course, no one can really entirely map out the reasons why someone would engage in romances on the side, but i t may have spoken to Ms. Taylor because—even though she was very rich—she was continually dissatisfied with what she had or who she was with seemingly many times. Having been married eight times, it seems that she would have been a very fickle wife. Perhaps it could be attributed to her vanity, but perhaps there is also a deeper meaning behind those divorces—that she was seeking something that she could not find in one man alone—

Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Descartes - Essay Example What are the sources of epistemology? What are the limits and structure of epistemology? If it is considered as a study of justified belief (JB), epistemology deals to reply to such questions as: How are we able to comprehend the idea of justification? What are the factors which make these justified beliefs justify? Is this justification external or internal to one’s own mind? Broadly comprehend epistemology deals with issues of dissemination and creation of knowledge in specific areas of question. This paper talks about what epistemology is, how it relates to justified belief, what is justified belief and explains the project of Descartes. (Audi, 1993) There are several types of knowledge: recognizing how something can be done (for instance, how can you ride a bicycle), knowing anyone in person, and knowing about a city or a place. Even though such type of knowledge consists of epistemological interest too, we shall emphasize on the knowledge of propositions and also relate t o such type of knowledge by means of the schema ‘S knows p’, in which ‘S’ is the subject who has all the knowledge and ‘p’ stands for the proposition that is known to us. Now our query will be: What are the compulsory and adequate criterions for S to know that p? We may broadly differentiate, between a non-traditional and traditional approach used in responding to this question. We shall relate to them as ‘NTK’ and ‘TK’. (Audi, 1993) Pertaining to TK, the knowledge that p is, at least roughly, justified true belief (JTB). Fake and bogus propositions cannot be identified. Thus, knowledge needs truth. The scheme S does not even consider cannot be a scheme that S knows. Thus, knowledge needs belief. Finally, S’s being right in thinking that p might just be a matter of good luck. Consequently, knowledge needs a third element as well, conventionally recognized as justification. Now we come at a tripartite psychoanaly sis of knowledge such as JTB: S also knows that p if and only if p is genuine and S is also justified in supposing p. This analysis talks about three conditions- belief, truth, and justification- are independently essential and collectively enough for knowledge. (Armstrong, 1973) At first, we were saying that the function of justification is just to make sure that S’s belief is not correct just because of luck. On this instance, NTK and TK are in mutual agreement with each other. TK and NTK do move away from each other from each other as soon as we go on to be more precise about faithfully how justification is to accomplish this role. Pertaining to TK, S’s idea that p is genuine not just because of luck when it is true or reasonable, from S’s own viewpoint, to keep p to be genuine. Now according to the theory of evidentialism, what comprises a belief is justified in this logic is the control of complete proof. The primary idea is that a belief is justified to th e extent that it fits the evidence provided by S. On the other hand, NTK imagines the responsibility of justification in a different sense. Its work is to make sure that S’s belief has a very high purpose of truth and thus, if genuine, is not true just because of luck. One famous plan is that this is done if, and only if, a belief is created in consistent cognitive faculties or processes. This view is called reliabilism. (Axtell, 1997) The Descartes project is a tripartite psychiatry of knowledge as JTB is sometimes known to be unfinished. These are the instances of JTB that contradict with cases of knowledge. Therefore, JTB is not enough for knowledge. Such cases are known as Gettier cases and they happen because n either the inauguration in reliable powers is enough for making sure that a belief is not genuine just due

Globalization impact on supply chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalization impact on supply chain - Essay Example The supply chain has also seen the impact of globalization on its management, and the globalization practice can be seen in various companies that have global operations and market places (Monczka et al 2010). The essay analyses the globalization practice with discussion on its key elements related to the supply chain management. Furthermore, there is discussion of major benefits as well as risks associated with the globalization practice in the supply chain management so that the issues associated with the practice in the companies can be analyzed. This is analyzed with the help of the case study of a manufacturing organization with barriers on implementation of the globalization practice. Analysis of the globalization practice The forces and practice of globalization are changing the supply chain. The supply chains are becoming disintegrated. Product designers, marketers and manufacturers are widespread over various continents with organizations that have different languages, cultu res as well as different business objectives. The key elements of the globalization practice in supply chain management are integrated supply chain, maintenance of flexibility, balancing of risks and rewards, and clear understanding of the global marketplace and management of costs and complexities (Kersten 2011). It is necessary to understand the global landscape and companies should also have a proper plan in place for the recognition of how to capture the opportunities present in the new market. Maintenance of flexibility is another key element in the globalization practice and the supply chains that are global in nature have to remain flexible enough so that they can quickly shift to the new identified opportunities and grab them quickly (Creating the Optimal Supply Chain 2012). The principles of the supply chain are basic, but the execution of globalization practice in the supply chain is different and complex as under this practice, the company has to navigate through the comp lexities of the global supply chain in the areas such as sourcing, manufacturing and the process of delivering across different parts of the world (Mangan et al 2008). Managing component costs and logistics costs is another key element of the globalization practice in supply chain management. Component costs include costs related to raw material, energy, facility, labour, overhead, and productivity. Logistics costs include transportation, warehousing, administration, packaging and inventory (The Faculty of Thunderbird and The American Graduate School of International Management 2000). The impact of globalization on supply chain is vast. It has made supply chains to become more efficient and has helped the companies to create competitive advantage with creation of strong infrastructure. The impact of globalization practice is such that competitors from different areas around the world are competing against the established market leaders that have a depth of resources, deep customer l oyalty and known brands. This has happened because of the flexibility in the supply chai

The Introduction of Management Techniques and National Culture Research Paper

The Introduction of Management Techniques and National Culture - Research Paper Example HRM itself is the new avatar of ‘Personnel Management’. Personnel management was largely concerned with the technical aspects of hiring, evaluating, training, and compensating employees. HRM, on the other hand, leaves scope for career building of the employee, development of a professional relationship and the satisfaction aspect. It is no more a mere "staff" function in the organizations. The main reason for attempts to avoid bad publicity is because as per a recent study seventy per cent of world trade—â€Å"including one-third of all manufacturing exports, three-quarters of all commodity trade, and four-fifths of technical and management services trade†Ã¢â‚¬â€was accounted for by the 500 largest MNCs. Changes in almost every aspect of human life are taking place very rapidly in a pervasive and profound manner. This change is engulfing technologies, products, processes, materials and above all, People. Globalization leads the changing scenario, bringing in newer technologies, a new phenomenon of the knowledge worker and of course the competitive era. In view of the competition and globalization companies start exploring avenues for growth within and outside the borderline of their country of origination. Therefore, it is amply clear from the above diagram that companies are required to take care of a number of factors while planning to go global. Expanding business operations beyond national boundaries, while continuing the commitment to local markets requires more complex business structures. Large, worldwide businesses tend to evolve from international to multinational to global structures.

Casestudy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Casestudy - Case Study Example We at Lauren sincerely regret the unavoidable employee lay-off situation that followed our acquisition of Western Company. We have received complaints by former Western employees who feel aggrieved by the amount of severance package we have stepped forward to offer our unfortunate brothers whose esteemed services were cut short at the firm for sustainability reasons. For demonstration we shall pick the case of Bill Smith, a recently laid off Western employee, who we understand is concerned that Lauren is not genuine in the severance package offered to him. To clarify our stand, Lauren has hired the services of a statistician who worked out the figures contained in the analysis below regarding our severance packages policy. The output above shows the coefficients generated when the data from the randomly picked former Lauren employees is executed. We use the table values to construct a linear model that can be used to determine the amount of severance pay for any employee at the firm and emerging subsidiaries. The model is supposed to acquire the form: y = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1x1 + ÃŽ ²2x2 + ÃŽ ²3x3 since we have got three independent variables; employees age at the time of termination of the contract, the length of time the employee has worked with us, and the annual pay of the employee. We have also one dependent variable, weeks of severance pay. From the figure obtained above (-2228.2 weeks), it is clear that the model does not exactly obey the assumption that the pay period is directly related to any linear combination of the factors listed by Lauren as the determining factors of pay period. This is a serious fact because it exposes Lauren as a company that does not honour or follow any pre-set procedures in administration of the severance package. The negative value indicates that Mr. Smith is supposed to work for firm for another over 2220 weeks, a situation that depicts him as

Rosetta Stone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rosetta Stone - Research Paper Example One of the key features about the Rosetta stone is its name. The name is currently commonly confused with one of the quickest growing educational blogs. The blog was named after the rock since it serves the same role the Rosetta stone played for archeologists and the world, which was the deciphering of the hieroglyphs. Jean-Franà §ois Champollion was the archeologist who was able to decipher the meaning of the hieroglyphs. Champollion had a good understanding of the Greek language and had expansive knowledge and comprehension of Coptic. With an understanding of Coptic script and Greek, Champollion was able to decipher the hieroglyphs. Another interesting aspect about the Rosetta stone is its naming. The rock, which is believed to be made of granodiorite, is named after the town in which it was discovered. However, the Town was not known as Rosetta but rather is historically and geographically known as Rashid. However, the English translation of Rashid is Rosetta. Conventionally, the importance of the Rosetta stone, other than its contribution to the deciphering the hieroglyphs in 1822 is still not clearly known. However, several propositions of its roles have been from the translation of the hieroglyphs. The rock was uncovered by Napoleon’s soldiers when they were digging foundations in el-Rashid, which is commonly referred to as Rosetta The Rosetta stone is believed to have been issued in 196 BC in Memphis, Egypt. The stone was developed as a decree on behalf of King Ptolemy V. The stone is believed to have been written in three scripts for it to be easily read by priests, government officials and rulers of Egypt. Presumably, each of these groups used a different script in their literature. The current level of knowledge of deciphering argues that the stele was erected to assert the beginning of a new reign; a divine cult (Sandborn & Sandborn 110). The stone is one of the few historical

Creative Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creative Problem Solving - Essay Example Since the experts blame alcohol advertising for alcohol consumption among teens, then they take it as truth. Alcohol adverts are not aimed at teenagers or for alcohol consumption increase. Rather, advertising of alcohol is targeted for those who take alcohol to switch alcohol brands. Most commercials will take a minute or so and do not really reveal what they are about. Usually, only those who understand them are old and mature enough to take alcohol. This I say from experience when I first look at an advert I rarely know what the advert is talking about at first. For instance, most Smirnoff adverts require one to understand alcohol and know that they are talking about it. While alcohol ads are highly visible in sports magazines, most people who watch sport agree that liquor and sport are not compatible. Most teens who read sports magazines will know that should they have an interest in sport when they grow up, then they are aware that alcohol will destroy or stop their dreams. Alcoh ol ads are not meant to increase consumption but to get people to take the specific brand instead. While people think that these ads are targeted at consumption of alcohol, the truth is that they are not bad intentioned. The reason why these adverts are on the magazine is to increase market share. The adverts are not intended for young people since the advertisers are only out to increase brand awareness. While advertisement of alcohol may be high coupled to high abuse of alcohol among teens, evidence is not conclusive that young people are led to increase alcohol consumption by the adverts. Not only do alcohol adverts not target consumption of alcohol, there is no evidence that it leads to increased consumption either. ... However, it is also true that some underage drinking is caused by alcohol adverts on magazines aimed at teenagers. This is because it can be proven that young people are more vulnerable to persuasion from magazines with higher readership since they feel part of something bigger. The possibility that delayed effect from adverts on magazines with high circulation among teenagers has an effect on alcohol consumption among them is very high (Rand Health 1). It is obvious that the younger generation does spend a lot of time reading magazines and, in the process, take in a lot of alcohol adverts. It is quite clear that these magazines have to do with sport and being chic. These sorts of magazines also have a very high proportion of their adverts dedicated to alcohol. In fact, most of the teenagers read twice as many magazines as the older generations who have extra pressing issues at hand. Since these magazines have a very high proportion of their adverts linked to alcohol, it is highly po ssible that their readers are the major target. While children at a younger age who do not read these magazines have a low knowledge of alcohol, the generation right ahead of them seems to know a lot more (Rand Health 1). In short, the average sixteen year old knows more about alcohol than the average nine year old. This, in my opinion, implicates the magazine adverts. The social cost of adolescent drinking is very high on most economies in the world with alcohol fuelled accidents and alcohol aided crime being the most obvious. Combating drivers who are underage and drunk involves multiple systems of approach (Rand Health 1). With emphasis on advertising of alcohol in magazines, several policies

Dyslexia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dyslexia - Research Paper Example In our brain there is an area known as Wernicke’s area which is also known as general interpretive area. In Wernicke’s area the somatic, visual and auditory association areas meet each other. The Wernicke’s area then interprets the signals of all the three types of sensations. In damage to Wernicke’s area the person may hear normally and can distinguish the different words but it would be impossible for him to arrange the words into specific thoughts. To read correctly, the brain should interpret the visual signals correctly (Guyton & Hall, 2011 p 752, p 758). To interpret it correctly we have a specific area for the interpretation of the visual signals especially symbols and graphics. The area associated with the interpretation of visual information is known as angular gyrus which is located behind the Wernicke’s area in the posterior parietal lobe. Any harm to this area causes difficulty in reading words because the angular gyrus transmits the sig nal from visual cortex to the Wernicke’s area. So the damage of angular gyrus blocks the transmission of visual signals from visual cortex and the person becomes unable to read correctly. This condition is known as dyslexia and is also called word blindness. Anatomically the dyslexic brain has ectopic neurons. A neuron transmits signals when it is excited and in a dyslexic brain the neuron is activated in a distinct manner. This distinct manner of activation of ectopic neuron in a dyslexic person causes difficulty in learning and reading (Hall & Guyton 2011 p 718; Snowling 2011 p1-28). Dyslexia is a disorder which has a high degree of transmission from parent to offspring. Genetic studies have shown that numbers of loci are involved in transmitting dyslexia from parents to offspring. Chromosome 1p, chromosome 2p11, chromosome 3, chromosome 6p, a locus on long arm of chromosome 15 are recognized as the transmitter genes for the dyslexia. A person with dyslexia cannot read prop erly and spells the words incorrectly even if he possesses a normal IQ level (Hall & Guyton 2011 p 718; Snowling 2011 p1-28). A study conducted by Lubs and his colleagues in the year 1988 highlighted the involvement of the chromosome 15 in the development of dyslexia in 30 percent of cases. Dyslexic children face numerous problems as they progress academically. In preschool children the diagnosis of dyslexia is not easy because he or she is not supposed to read and write. But these children show difficulty in speech and difficulty in learning new words. In primary school children a dyslexic patient has difficulty in learning alphabets and letters. A primary school dyslexic child faces the issue of not properly connecting the voices of the alphabets or letters related to that alphabet. He faces problems in rhyming words, mixing up the alphabets and differentiating between letters that make up the same sound for example aminal for animal. Another issue that they face is that of a coun ting i.e. they face major difficulties in basic mathematical calculations. All these problems mix up together to form further issues for the dyslexic children when they advance academically. The dyslexic children in their latter stages of primary school experience difficulty in reading but they can read to some extent. While reading they skip some words, they lose their pace and start reading again and again. They cannot focus on the page while reading and they hardly remember what they have read. They cannot recognize the space that separates words and they

Power In The First Part Of A Clockwork Orange Essay Example for Free

Power In The First Part Of A Clockwork Orange Essay The opening of the novel is the line Whats it going to be then, ey? This is clearly something that is said by someone in an authoritative position and we learn in the next sentence that this is Alex. He is our narrator and this gives him a certain amount of power as he can choose what he wants to tell us as readers. Burgess also shows Alexs power through the various violent attacks he perpetrates on people who we would consider to be in a position of more authority than Alex is in our own society. The first of these instances is the attack upon a schoolteacher, which is a clear and obvious indicator that this society is very wrong. At the tender age of fifteen, it would be considered totally inconceivable that Alex would not only attack, but also humiliate a man who relies upon respect from youths in order to do his job. The physical power the gang have over the teacher is almost a way of compensating for Alex and his gang feeling threatened intellectually and in this sense the teacher is the more powerful. This idea of physical versus intellectual power is explored again when the gang leave the town centre to seek victims in the suburbs. When they find the writer and his wife, they destroy the book and beat the couple into teary subordination. These actions are lead by Alex who is portrayed as an almost psychotic intellectual and so dislikes the idea of not understanding the fair gloopy title of the book. I believe he is also prone to paranoia because he gets angry at the merest suggestion of someone being more intelligent or cultured than himself. As a totally egocentric way of asserting his power, Alex also beats up a drunk who is stumbling around and singing because he found him disgusting. This does not show any correlation to the other attacks as there is obviously no intellectual challenge from this man and so this attack is purely a confidence boost and has no real reason at all. Aside from their physical power, Alex and his gang also command a certain amount of fear amongst the elderly folk at the pub they visit. They are able, through brash bribery and intimidation, to get a room full of adults to comply with their wishes fairly easily even though no violence is used, or even suggested. This shows that the gangs of youths roaming the streets are infamous and that the civilised society they prey upon is doing little, if anything, to stop them. The power presented to us here, or lack of it, is the states diminished power over criminals of a violent and numerous nature. This is further demonstrated when Alex and his gang come across a rival gang in a desolate place where their laws are obeyed e. g. survival of the fittest. The power each gang has over the other is decided in a very fitting way considering what is done with this power because the gang who can cause the most injury and pain wins the power to carry on doing so to other people outside the gang wars. One such unfortunate victim is the old woman who is the last of Alexs victims as a free man. The gang, and Alex, assume they have unrivalled power over the old woman not only because of her age but also because they see themselves as untouchably strong in fights and aggression. However, Alexs power seems to be with his gang because, contrary to his own beliefs, he finds he cannot do the robbery alone and is shocked to find the old woman beating him with a stick. This is a very strange thing to happen to Alex as he sees himself as above the possibility of actually getting hurt. However, it is clear that this invulnerable character is only as such when he is supported by his gang, who are given very little credit throughout the first half of the novel for their various roles within the crimes. The utterly surreal struggle for power and control between the old woman and the young but hardened criminal ends with a swift blow to the head from Alex and so we see his physical power keeping him in control yet again. However, the authorities finally get Alex under their control through (ironically) fairly violent methods. The police are portrayed as fighting fire with fire, so to speak, as they beat Alex and humiliate him just as he had done to so many before. This is cleverly done by Burgess as this lets the reader see how these people, who are fighting against Alex and the culture he represents, are actually no better than him in a moral sense as they get their power in exactly the same way e. g. through violent beatings and intimidation. Another example of role reversal is the relationship between P. R Deltoid and Alex both before and after his arrest. Prior to the arrest, Alex was very dismissive of P. R Deltoids warnings and cared little about what he had to say, as he was untouchable and would never be caught, as he was such an intelligent young man. However once he realises how much trouble he really is in, he becomes very meek and humble before P. R Deltoid and asks him for help. It is then that P. R Deltoid becomes the one who does not care and, in his position of power over Alex, spits in face. This is an act usually saved for use by the very lowest of people and is yet more evidence of the hypocritical use of humiliating actions on Alex by the people who are supposed to be putting an end to these actions. Throughout the first part of the novel, Alex uses barbaric force and pure physical strength to overpower his enemies and victims. He sees this as proof of his own undeniable strength when, in fact, it is down to his gang that he is not harmed by his numerous encounters with violence. His egotistical delusions lead him to believe that he can impose his power upon someone by himself and this over-confidence ultimately concretes his arrest. From this point, the readers of this novel would expect to see the police processing and punishing Alex harshly but effectively and humanely. Instead, we realise that the police are so used to seeing the violence that they no longer try to avoid it and instead resort to it themselves. We are shown that power has changed hands dramatically over the course of the first part of the novel but we can also recognise that the way in which the power is gained and exerted does not change in the slightest as it passes from criminals to civilians to policemen. This is a very interesting comment on the dystopian society presented to us in this book and serves as a powerful warning for our own future.

Historical Places in India Essay Example for Free

Historical Places in India Essay Sundar Palaniappan is an aspiring photographer who loves to visit temples and other historical places in India. Since web, is the universal media to which people around the globe either visit to gather knowledge or to keep in touch with their close friends and relatives, I would like to avail the power of web, by putting the photos of temples and other historical places of India. Since web allows people to publish ideas and other useful information, I decided to flaunt my ability of photography by displaying photos of temples and other historical places of India. Since, a large population of Indian origin lives outside India, who may love to visit India but because of the unavailability of the resources (especially time) not able to visit the temples and other places of interest in India. I hope that Sundar Palaniappan’s pages could serve as an alternative to quench the thirst (or form a base) of visiting these temples and other historical places of India. I basically visit these temples and historically important places on tight budget but spend lot of time there. Being a guy from a busy town of Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, these occasional tours, bring blissfulness to the mind and the soul. Trekking adventure Apart from being an aspiring photographer, Sundar Palaniappan loves to do trekking in the Himalayan Ranges and other mind-boggling treks in Garhwal and Kumaon regions of Uttarakhand, HimachalPradesh, Sikkim and Nepal. Some of the photo galleries of India Sundar Palaniappan’s interest in the art of photography took him to Hampi ( VijayaNagar ) , Badami, Aihole ( first capital of early Chalukyas ), Pattadakal, Madurai, Kancheepuram, Darasuram, Mahabalipuram and other historical places in India. Apart from improving these images of Temples and other historically important places of India, Sundar Palaniappan is planning to host pictures of other places of India by visiting them. You could find the complete list of galleries in the archives link. Read more:  Why is History Important Essay Cheluva Narayana temple or Thirunarayana temple Melkote Melkote is located in the Pandavapura taluk of Mandya district, Karnataka, India. It is 51kms from Mysore. Melkote houses an ancient temple Cheluva Narayana ( a.k.a. Thirunarayana ) which is dedicated to lord Vishnu. Reaching from Mysore One could catch a direct bus from KSRTC bus stand Mysore. Otherwise, one could catch the Mysore Tumkur bus and could reach Jakkanahalli crossing and could catch either a bus or a shared auto-rickshaw. Melkote is 6kms from Jakanahalli crossing. 14 years of stay by SriVaishnava saint Sri Ramanujacharya Melkote or Melukote (high or superior fort) is one of the principal sacred places in the state. The place is also known as Tirunarayanpura. Early in the 12† century AD the great Srivaishnava saint SriRamanujaCharya stayed here for fourteen years. It thus became a prominent center of the Srivaishnava sect. Hoysala king Vishnuvardhana who had become a follower of Ramanuja charya granted the fertile land as ashta-gramas on the banks of river cauvery. Thirunaryana Temple The Narayana temple (also called as Tirunarayana temple), has a main unit consisting of a garbhagriha and an ardhamandapa amidst a narrow pillared corridor a mahamandapa and a small mukhamandapa all in east – west orientation. There is a large courtyard surrounded by the prakara hall. The main deity of the temple is the beautiful image of CheluvaNarayana ( Vishnu ) of Hoysala workmanship. The utsava murthi which is a metallic image representing the main deity is called Cheluva-pilleraya whose original name was Ramapriya. Vaira-mudi or Vajramukuta A crown set with precious jewels known as Rajamudi was presented to this temple by Raja Wodeyar ( 1578 – 1617 ) of Mysore fame. Krishnaraja Wodeyar III ( 1799 – 1868 ) of same Mysore fame also presented a crown set with precious stones, known as Krishnaraja Mudi. Apart from these crowns, Vairamudi or Vajramukuta, another crown of great value, seems to be older than Raja mudi and Krishnaraja-mudi and it is not known who gave it to the temple. Raya gopura Raya gopura, which is also known as Gopalaraya entrance, is an incomplete structure leading to the hill. It has four tall pillars and has no tower above it. Pattadakal is a small town located in the Bagalkot district of North Karnataka and lies on the banks of banks of the Malaprabha River. Pattadakal is located 22 km from Badami ( aka Vatapi in the ancient times ) and about 10 km from Aihole. Pattadakal ( according to the inscriptions it was known as the Pattada Kisuvolal during the ancient times ), where the kings of early Chalukyas of modern day Karnataka, used to be crowned, was one of the three great centres of experimentation in temple construction. The other two being Badami and Aihole. It is here that the Rekha Nagara prasada and Dravida Vimana styles of Indian temple architecture were given their final form. The Papanatha, Kashi Visvesvara, Jambulinga and Galaganatha temples noted for their curvilinear shikhara represent the former style, while Mallikarjuna, Sangameshwara and Virupaksha temples having a square roof of receding tiers, represent the later temple style of Dravidian temple building. The Lokeshwara ( Virupaksha ) and Trailokeshwara ( Mallikarjuna ) built respectively by Lokamahadevi and Trailokamahadevi, the queens of Vikramadithya II, to commemorate the Chalukyan victory over the Pallavas of Kanchi . A brick pillared mandapa of the late Satavahana period ( third fourth century Ad ) laid bare in front of the Sangameshwara temple in 1970 Ad by the ASI ( Archaeological Survey of India ) marks the earliest attempts to built temples at Pattadakal. The latest one being the Jaina temple of the Rashtrakuta period ( ninth century AD ).

Main Factors That Attract Tourists To The Caribbean Tourism Essay

Main Factors That Attract Tourists To The Caribbean Tourism Essay Tourism has long been the primary industry on the majority of the Caribbean islands due to the largely incredible natural beauty and wildlife which attracts hoards of vacation hungry visitors all year long. (Sophia Southern, n.d.). Tourism accounts for a large amount of the Caribbeans economy and work force. The most important tourist centre in the Caribbean are Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Island, Jamaica, The Bahamas and Barbados. Tourists are attracted to the Caribbean for many reasons some of the main factors are: Geography The Caribbean which extends from the southern tip of Florida, pass the Gulf of Mexico and down to the north-eastern tip of South America, attracts a lot of visitors each year. The Caribbean has numerous landforms such as islands, mountains, waterfalls etc. Weather -The Caribbean has a tropical marine climate which gives it an all year round sunshine and this makes it perfect for the winter visitors. The equator gives the Caribbean temperatures `between 27-32Â °C. It is called marine because of the influence of the sea. During the day the sea is usually cooler than land. Winds blowing from the sea. This is one of the biggest reason why tourists are attracted to the Caribbean, The climate attract tourist to the Caribbean during the winter period their country Tourism activities in the Caribbean have traditionally centre around the promoting of coastal attractions: beaches, coral reefs, coastal water. Beyond the beauty of the beaches, its sparkling blue water and attractive coral reefs, there are lush tropical rainforest, volcanic, a rich cultural heritage Culture and Sandy Beaches The Caribbean culture is The white sandy beaches of the Caribbean islands are a magnificent sight to see and parallel to none. The Caribbean is well known for its fine grained, soft white sand The opportunities of water sports When tourist come to the Caribbean they want to try water activities such as swimming, sailing, and snorkelling Community-based Tourism Community tourism is not a recent phenomenon, it dates back to the early days of travel when travellers were accommodated in monasteries, inns, homes and hostels. Community tourism is dependent on the community itself its attitude towards tourist is recognition of the value of tourist business and the steps it takes to stimulate and promote it. It requires the involvement of the community as a whole and a strong working relationship with the tourism sector. Community-Based tourism exists and can only be successful when there is a participation of the community in which the product is located. There can be full participation meaning that the community controls tourism in their local or limited participation of the community personnel. (Teaching Tourism in the Caribbean, December 2000) Why Community Based tourism Jamaicans sometimes feel left out from the tourism industry and do not believe that they benefit from the tourism therefore it is important for individuals to become stakeholder as they will now have a reason to protect and sustain the industry. Community tourism is identify as an avenue to sustain growth, environmental sustain-ability enhanced visitor experience and community development. This would result in it being an inclusive industry where the benefits from tourism are spread more widely. (Team Jamaica, 2000) Benefits of Caribbean based tourism Increased employment both directly and indirectly. Increased opportunity for social and cultural intercourse. Increased income the improvement of infrastructure and enhancement of the community Improve quality of life Principles of Community Tourism Community Tourism is a new appearance. It is a spirit that spread throughout all sectors of the tourism industry. Community Tourism is about levels of relationships between the host country and the visitor. What is appealing to the visitor is found among the varied natural attractions, local resources and talents, and indigenous attributes of a community or area. Through visitor-community interaction, respective cultures are explored, ideas and information are exchanged, and new friends are made. (http://www.communitybasedtourism.info/en/community-based-tourism/community-based-tourism.asp, n.d.) Community Tourism fosters opportunities at the community level for local people wishing to participate more fully in the tourism industry. This may range from organising bed breakfast accommodation in a rural home to creating income-generating tourism opportunities for an entire village. Community Tourism is managed tourism in its profoundest sense, taking into account evolving travel trends in such areas as the environment, study and research, seniors travel and other special interests. Community Tourism products and services are geared to address these trends and to satisfy the interests of emerging travel markets. Key clientele includes: The mature market Study and Research groups, including schools, universities, colleges and research based organizations Church groups Environmentalists, botanist, ornithologists and nature lovers The independent traveller Afro-Americans Caribbean Nationals at home and abroad The vision of Community Tourism is to expose the local resources and talents, and make the concept a reality for local people. Community Tourism embraces eco-tourism, cultural tourism, adventure tourism, recreational tourism, geo-tourism, heritage tourism, health tourism, farm tourism and all the popular special interest tourism. Community-based tourism, therefore, is a combination of tourism products offered at a community-level to domestic or international visitors. In the Jamaican context, community-based tourism usually refers to visitor interaction with local people in the rural areas outside of the traditional resort areas. Community-based tourism does not mean that the rules that apply to traditional tourism sub-sectors do not apply them. The principles of health and safety for visitors drive tourism regardless of the setting in which the product is offered. Community-based tourism, however, offers a unique opportunity for Jamaica. The process of community-based tourism development if managed effectively has the potential to alleviate poverty and illiteracy. Community-based tourism also has the potential to develop the natural creative energy of Jamaicans by transforming average citizens into entrepreneurs. It can be used to develop strong partnerships by twinning existing traditional tourism entrepreneurs with aspiring non-traditional tourism entrepreneurs. It can be combined with the existing tourism product offerings to create a uniquely Jamaica experience. Community-based tourism can be a stand-alone venture or a partnership of the traditional and the non-traditional products blended with Jamaican charm, culture and heritage to create a community tourism spirit that culminates in a truly Jamaican experience. Community-based tourism can bring out the best in the Jamaican people In developing community-based tourism products it is essential to understand that: Local conditions, culture and knowledge will influence the outcome. Each community has its own identify and values. Tourism works within a system. The tourism system defines the rules for local tourism. Developing a business is a process. International standards play a significant role in product development and marketing. Each agency on the team has a specific role to play in the development of the community-based tourism product. Failure to learn the rules and to manage effectively and efficiently the process results in failure at the local and national levels. External Challenges Global competition for tourism business The forces of globalization advocate the free movement of goods/services, capital and labour by opening up the world markets for trade. Globalization has expanded global corporate reach and control. The challenge is that the region now has to invest in meeting international standards. Worldwide the hospitality industry is having difficulty attracting motivated and dynamic employees because of its image as primarily offering low pay, low status jobs, with long, demanding working hours and difficult working conditions. Modern technology is rapidly changing the way business is conducted in travel and tourism. With the increasing use of computers by businesses to gain competitive advantage and the dramatic increase in the use of the Internet by travellers, tourism businesses have to invest in the new technologies and train their people in the use of these technologies to remain competitive. The use of distance learning is revolutionizing campuses worldwide as, through the use of multiple technologies. Special attention needs to be paid to addressing the human resources needs of small, medium and micro tourism businesses in the region which make up the bulk of the sector, and which are locally owned and managed for the most part.. (Morgan, CTO, 2001)

Essay on Character, Symbolism, and Language in Linda Pastans Ethics

Use of Character, Symbolism, and Descriptive Language in Linda Pastan's Ethics  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      As people evolve from children to young adults and finally to maturity, they find that they are constantly faced with difficult decisions.   Learning to make the right choice in a difficult situation is one of the hardest lessons to learn.   Many people make choices without considering what the results may be.   They only look to the future for knowledge instead of considering the knowledge already discovered in the past.   In Linda Pastan's "Ethics," the author has painted a picture of the difficulty people have when they refuse to realize that the most difficult choices to make are also the most important.   Through Pastan's use of character, symbolism, and descriptive language, the theme of this poem is presented for thought.   While choices are made every day without much thought, Pastan has made clear that choices made without the benefit of wisdom are almost always regretted.    The portrayal of the speaker is one way the author has reinforced her theme.   The speaker is young and in school (1).   An instructor asks the class to make a difficult choice in a hypothetical situation.   Many young people today are faced with making these types of decisions everyday.   They try to make choices without considering all facts.   For example, many young adults are uninterested in heritage and history.   Like the speaker who sits "...restless on hard chairs..."(6), and makes a different decision each time "...always half-heartedly..." (9), young people today do not realize the importance of knowledge.   Some of them are in school only because their parents insist on it.   They show no interest in the rich history of society.   They are too busy... ... When the speaker declares that "...earth's most radiant elements burn through the canvas..." (22-23), the message that its never too late is clear.   People can start learning from the past and from past mistakes.    Pastan has created a vivid example of the difficulty of making choices in "Ethics."   People seldom realize the repercussions their choices may make.   As people grow older and learn more, they tend to see how ignorant some of their choices were.   The same can be said of society.   Although a great many wrong choices have been made along the way, it is not too late for society to once again put value on what it already has instead of what it might have.    Works Cited Pastan, Linda. "Ethics."   Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing.  Ã‚   4th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs.   Upper Saddle River: Prentice, 1995. 855. Essay on Character, Symbolism, and Language in Linda Pastan's Ethics Use of Character, Symbolism, and Descriptive Language in Linda Pastan's Ethics  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      As people evolve from children to young adults and finally to maturity, they find that they are constantly faced with difficult decisions.   Learning to make the right choice in a difficult situation is one of the hardest lessons to learn.   Many people make choices without considering what the results may be.   They only look to the future for knowledge instead of considering the knowledge already discovered in the past.   In Linda Pastan's "Ethics," the author has painted a picture of the difficulty people have when they refuse to realize that the most difficult choices to make are also the most important.   Through Pastan's use of character, symbolism, and descriptive language, the theme of this poem is presented for thought.   While choices are made every day without much thought, Pastan has made clear that choices made without the benefit of wisdom are almost always regretted.    The portrayal of the speaker is one way the author has reinforced her theme.   The speaker is young and in school (1).   An instructor asks the class to make a difficult choice in a hypothetical situation.   Many young people today are faced with making these types of decisions everyday.   They try to make choices without considering all facts.   For example, many young adults are uninterested in heritage and history.   Like the speaker who sits "...restless on hard chairs..."(6), and makes a different decision each time "...always half-heartedly..." (9), young people today do not realize the importance of knowledge.   Some of them are in school only because their parents insist on it.   They show no interest in the rich history of society.   They are too busy... ... When the speaker declares that "...earth's most radiant elements burn through the canvas..." (22-23), the message that its never too late is clear.   People can start learning from the past and from past mistakes.    Pastan has created a vivid example of the difficulty of making choices in "Ethics."   People seldom realize the repercussions their choices may make.   As people grow older and learn more, they tend to see how ignorant some of their choices were.   The same can be said of society.   Although a great many wrong choices have been made along the way, it is not too late for society to once again put value on what it already has instead of what it might have.    Works Cited Pastan, Linda. "Ethics."   Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing.  Ã‚   4th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs.   Upper Saddle River: Prentice, 1995. 855.

Indian trade liberation :: essays research papers fc

The International Trade Liberalization of India According to many global economic studies the key to peace is through the promotion of free trade and the institution of democratic principles, this theory also known as liberal international relations theory. In late 1991, with the transfer of the Indian Parliament into the hands of political and economic reformers, despite much opposition, India began its quest towards liberalization. The reform implemented freer trade in the largest democracy in the world. Facets of the Reformed Policy since India's independence from British control in 1947 until India’s Prime Minister Narasimha Rao took office, have characterized Indian’s foreign policy as fairly isolationist. During the Cold War period India retained a policy of nonalignment. It was uncommitted to either the West or the East and stuck to an "Swadeshi" ideology. This Swadeshi ideology simply meaning "India first," and was an extremely nationalistic ideology that advocates self-sufficiency. Just under a decade ago, Indian foreign policy has taken significant strides towards liberalization. Since Prime Minister Narasimha Rao assumed his position as the head of this state in economic shambles, India has undergone significant reform in its domestic and foreign economic policy. Rao's administration implemented major changes in international banking, interest rates, and the ability to fully convert rupees (India's currency) into international tradable transactions. But most importantly, towards the end of 1991, Prime Minister Narasimha Rao opened India's doors to international foreign investment. Many global economic studies stated the reforms in 1991 were simply necessary. As Clive Crook reported in The Economist at the time, the new government attempted to restructure the "ever-proliferating bureaucracy" and the "license raj". This reshaping dismantled the barriers for international foreigners to enter into the Indian markets. Such barriers included ser ies of permits and licenses granted only by members of the Indian Parliament or high-ranking bureaucrats. These complicated and inefficient policies turned away potential foreign investors and, therefore, hurt the Indian economy. As part of the reform plan, Prime Minister Narasimha Rao implemented revolutionary changes. According to the Asian Survey by Nalini Kant Jha, Prime Minister Narasimha Rao limited the equity participation to 40% and removed the provision for the necessity of local control of industry. India also turned into favoring export-led growth; therefore, it removed restrictions on foreign trade and significantly reduced customs duties and tariffs on imports. Since the advancement towards liberalism and the legitimacy of its government, India has strongly remained the largest democracy in the international environment.

Disciplinary Spanking Is Not Child Abuse Essay -- Effective Use of Cor

Child abuse is an issue within society that effects the lives of not only the victims but also the lives of many people in the social order. Child abuse is any mistreatment or neglect of a child that results in non-accidental injury or harm and which cannot be logically explained. There are several forms of abuse and neglect and many state governments have developed their own legal description of what constitutes child maltreatment for the purposes of removing a child and prosecuting a criminal charge. Child abuse consists of different forms of harm including physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. Physical abuse is any non-accidental physical injury to a child. Physical abuse is an injury that results from physical aggression. Types of physical abuse can consist of beating, whipping, hitting, pinching, biting, or spanking. Spanking is the most used, traditional form of physical punishment, consisting in a beating applied on the buttocks. It involves striking the buttocks repeatedly, usually as a physical punishment, with an open hand. Spanking can also be implemented including belts, whips, rods, paddles, or any other household item. Educators and parents usually administer spankings to children. Spanking usually refers to a child lying, stomach down, across the educator's lap and the parent or teacher repeatedly swatting the child's backside. The issue of spanking is whether it is justifiable or an act of child abuse. Some child specialists, such as Christine Walsh and Michael Boyle, argue that if a parent must administer a spanking, it should not be through anger and only as a last option when other forms of discipline have been deemed unsuccessful. They say that for a spanking to be instructive it must be... ...their child while obviously angered, that emotion is likely to be very noticeable to the child. Unfortunately, that anger is all too likely to become attached to the punishment, resulting in the unwanted link of: mad parent = pain. A serene, calm parent is very much less likely to turn out to be an active part of the negative memory. Obviously, this is completely up to the judgment of the parent, but I have a tendency to concur that not only is spanking less likely to be abused if lightly applied, but also it maintains a better influence when it is applied. I would declare only when there clearly doesn't seem to be any other way of getting through to the child. Spanking is unquestionably not the only effective punishment, and perhaps not even the best, nevertheless I consider it to be effective, when applied carefully, in relation with other teaching mechanisms.

The Internal Sources of Finance

The Internal Sources of Finance In order to grow your small business into a larger one, it is important to invest in it. And to invest in your business, you need access to finance. Unfortunately, external sources of finance — lenders and investors — are often skeptical of small businesses. This can leave you to rely on internal sources of finance for investing in your business. Retained Earnings Retained earnings are an easy source of internal financing to use because they are liquid assets.Retained earnings are the portion of net income that you have retained in your company and not paid out. In a small business, retained earnings are usually paid out to the owners, who often do not draw a budgeted salary. Instead of paying out retained earnings, you can reinvest them into the company. Current Assets Current assets consist of cash or anything that can easily be converted into cash. For example, if your business has stock holdings in other companies, you can divest your self of those stocks and use the proceeds as a source of financing.You should be careful, however, not to decrease your current assets to levels less than your current liabilities, as this may prevent you from paying off your debts. Fixed Assets Fixed assets are those that are not easily converted to cash. Typically, these assets include equipment, property and factories. Because these assets take time to convert to cash, they cannot be relied on for short-term access to finance. If you have the time, however, you could — for example — sell off some equipment or even property to invest in your business.This is particularly useful if your needs have outgrown some of your fixed assets — for example, if you need to purchase newer equipment. Personal Savings Personal savings are the backbone of many small businesses. If your business doesn't have the assets to finance your project, you may still have personal finances that you can contribute to the business. This pr ovides an alternative to seeking external investors or loans and allows you to retain control over your business.

How intelligence help in educational planning? Essay

It helps to list churlren who are mentally retarded so that adequate provisions can be made for them such(prenominal) as place such barbarianren in special works or devoting more time and attention for them by teachers It as easy helps for homogenous grouping of children for educational achievementiveness. A gifted child is set early and appropriate educational proposal is instituted so as to support the child. How tidings ratement help oneself psychologists in consulting schools and parentsA psychologist knows word of honor is a component of cognitive development which is largely influenced by sociocultural, social and gender factors in environment of child development (Inhelder &Piaget,1973). A psychologist is then equal to(p) to assess the cognitive expects of the child and offer appropriate counseling to teachers and schools. He counsels teachers on appropriate instruction that is sufficient and interesting in content to the take of dexterous development of su ch a child.The role of psychologist includes educational guidance for parents such as some children which may need extramural classes or more out-of-class hours to select better (Flynn, 2007). He is able to qualify the child intelligence and appropriate environmental modification. Since genetics and environment influence intelligence, he counsels divorced parents to reconcile and come in concert so as to help the intellectual environment the child grows. He counsels on likely intellectual ache electric receptacle potential of child and resources and materials call for.He as well as counsels on vocational choice base on the aptitude and whether the child is trainable or not. In conclusion, a psychologist role in consultation with teachers and schools based on intelligence measurement and sound judgment are to allow a diagnosis for treatment settings to assist in the selecting the type of treatment needed or outcome of treatment to assess a particular area of carrying into ac tion or disability often for school settings to give assistance to courts so as to decide issues like child custody or even competency of a child to stand trial It also assist in provision of biography developing counseling as well as training.It also helps to make assessment of workers and job applicants.ReferencesFlynn, R. (2007) what is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn effect Retrieved on August 23, 2010 from http//books. google. com/books? id=qvBipuypYUkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intelligence&hl=en&ei=6SNyTM6gDImZOI-9wbAL&sa=X&oi=book_ exit&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAgv=onepage&q=intelligence&f=false Inhelder, B. & Piaget, J. (1973). Memory and Human Intelligence. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge.

Adapting to Change

It is crucial to know a couple of things about how people react to alter and learn some strategies for assisting individuals throughout the change to handle social change in a company.Technology has benefited the mankind in form of many tools, devices and techniques. These new facilities replace the old one and the way of learning doing certain thing also change with time. Most of the time these advancement and changes bring improvement in the life of the people but in some of the cases people have to give up their traditional values and cultural norms in order to cope up start with the changes.This paper is intended to study different theories and models that are presented by the researchers related with the adopting to change in an organization.Changes could be the hardest to adjust to.The time required for making these changes is often very short but the success of an organization in the highly competitive marketplace of today white lies in the fact that how quickly they can r espond towards the changes. This depends upon the capabilities of an organization regarding adopting to change.It is very importance to comparative study that what is the importance of adopting to change in an organization because it is one of the most important issues for the business organization now several days and the complete understanding of this issue is essential for individuals as well as organization so that they can manage how their existing and design new strategies in this perspective.Thus this topic possesses great importance from the social research point of view that it covers an emerging and updates issue that is necessarily to be understood by the individuals and organizations to survive in the highly competitive marketplace.

Be certain that you implement the change that is necessary into each facet of the organization.1.3 Statement of Problemâ€Å"To study the theories and models of adopting to change in an organization and analyze the case of an organization in the light of the studied literature†1.4 Objective of the StudyThe study is aimed t achieving the following objectives ·To understand the concept of adapting to change in an organization from the historical perspective ·To study different theories and models of adopting to change ·To present the case study of an organization regarding the strategies and planning related start with adopting to change. 2.In reality, it is almost a workplace constant.   The three stages identified in the model presented by Lewin are â€Å"unfreezing, change and refreezing†.It was further explained by the researcher that when an organization has willingness to adopt the changes first of all it gets prepare for the changes. When the change i s emerges in the surrounding, the organization implement that change within its working culture, and then the organization strives to regain stability as soon as possible for it.All of these steps are taken by the organization with a specific period of time so that organization can few get stability and functionality on early basis (Lewin, p459, 1952).

Transition can occur quickly or gradually.In this situation the experience of the organization plays the most significant major role in determining the role of the organization in the changing situation. Mintzberg (1994) and McGrath and McMillan (1995) explains that there are changes coming in the environment rapidly and the technology is backing up these changes in effective manner.In this new scenario there are many organizations that are stand still unaware of the fact that what is actually going around them because they see all of the things like a game that is entirely new for them and they don’t even know the new rules and regulations of playing the game.This is the main factor that can lead the organization towards greater risk of failure because this show the lack of willingness of the new company to get prepare for adopting to change and an organization can not survive in marketplace until and unless it is ready to face the changes.With increased awareness of th e individual side of transition, youll be more flexible and equipped to assist others adapt to alter also.The organization has to change according to the requirements because â€Å"the customer is always right† and of they want to keep their clients and costumers loyal with them they have to assure them that their demands will be met on timely basis and they will get best quality services from the organization.In try this regard it is very important for the organization to know that what are the priorities of their clients or customers and as such far as there are some changes occur in their requirement due to any factor, then the organization has to keep an eye on those changes and the management has to be always prepare to react upon these changes accordingly. Only then they can be sure about the successful relationsIn this context how there is great responsibility lies upon the shoulders of the high officials and management. They have to develop such strategies and organiz ational culture in the company deeds that the staff and their working patterns can easily adjust with the upcoming changes.

No 2 people manage stress just the exact same way.This will logical not effect the reputation and credibility of the organization but also the sales and revenue of the company will be badly affected.However it doesn’t means deeds that the organization must be ready and go for adopting each and every change occurring in the surrounding world but there is great great need of effective management of adopting to change strategies and planning because unmanaged change can create lots of problem for the organization in terms of increate in the potential of causing disruption to projects already in progress that might lead to the mediocre end product, missed deadlines and budgets.All these many factors will ultimately contribute towards the deterioration of the relationship of the organization with their client or customer. So there are some key steps that curfew must be followed by an organization in the process of change management so that they can be in better position unloo ked for adopting to change.Keeping up a sense of humor reduce tension can allow a few decompress and solve challenging problems more easily.Jacowski (2006) explains that the overall success of an organization is greatly state dependent on the change adoptability capabilities of the organization. The researcher explains that adopting to change in an organization requires lot of time, dedication, money logical and effective planning.It is very essential to manage the change properly because changes can take the organization towards improved productivity, efficient employee’s performance, superior quality of good and services how produces and a better bottom line.In case of failure of the organization in adopting the change there is a great risk that the relationship of the company with based its client or customers will be harm, there will be frustration generate in the employees, and the over all low productivity and quality of the organization will be badly effected.

The ability is a significant quality for each one of us.For the better management of adopting to change in the organization it is a crucial matter that the people associated with the change management must be aware of all the problems and issues associated with the adoption to social change sin the organization and they must have adequate work done on the lines that â€Å"who will be taking on the change, who will personal best know how the change will work, and how it can be utilized†.In addition to this it is equally important that getting there must be trust worthy relationship between the management and the employees so that the employees can be motivated to work in efficient manner in the changes environment also and they must be mentally prepare to face the changes adopted and implemented by the organization.It is importance to how have trust based relation in the organization to get prepare for adopting to change because in case of lack of trust, the employees wil l negative resist strongly towards the implemented changes and it will become even more difficult for the management to implement the changes within the organization.Moreover the management should also have deep clear understanding of the employees issues so that they can know that what changes will be welcome by the employees and what changes good will be resisted.Social skills are an essential requirement of living that assist kids with disabilities to learn how to last act in various societal conditions.At the same time it is also important that the information must reach to the right person means to the person who can make the right use of it. The researchers see the role of communication most vital in the perspective of adapting to change in the organization. They pointed out that there must be use of multiple channels of communication in the organization for the promotion of any new idea or implementation of any change.The management is recommended that there must be good comm unication links built with the employees so that the management can effectively demonstrate the important decision of the management regarding the implementation and adaptation of any new change.

Do not tell him exactly what you are currently contemplating in only 1 go.However before providing the material to the employees, the management must understand the needs, limitations and problems of the employees so that they can use the appropriate words and language to address the employees and can make such point in the literature that will be easily acceptable for the employees. Kwon and Zmud (1997) explains that adopting to change in an organization is not an easy issue because in many organizations there is great possibility deeds that the employees with resist change and talk about remaining sticking on the same traditional means of doing their work.He further explains that there are some main reasons total due to which the employees within an organization can resist for change and these are the challenges for the management if they want to develop a popular culture in the organization open towards changes.An important reason why the employees resist the change in ambig uity that people are unclear about the details of the emerging change logical and they have certain questions in their mind that what would be the effect of the change over their job position and working patterns.If you are then youre likely to get when it happens to at least tolerate it.Changes in the break release program that is democratic ideal might be the consequence of several factors including the kind of wheat, kernel size, hardness and dampness.

Analysis of Environmental Issues and Economic Performance

compendium of environmental issues and scotch death penalty and state parsimoniousness decision maker heavyset The big death with the fib card was to poll the blood from 16 diverse countries on how, if any, carbonic acid gas intrust awaypouring per capita is acquiring affect by people assiduity and gross domestic product per capita by utilise descriptive statistics and regression. The proportioncination is that carbon dioxide waiver per capita is touched by changes in gross domestic product per capita and that people niggardliness has no secure intercourse to carbonic acid gas libe ration per capita. presentation spheric change is match slight of the puffygest problems in the world-wide societies today.The pol fundings discussing how they muckle welcome solutions unitedly to simplification the carbon dioxide liberations worldwide. In this write up we leave behind block discoverify to taste if well-established countries impart a gri tty carbon dioxide discharges and we depart try out how nation parsimoniousness atomic sum up 18 affecting spark in our methodicalnessing today. organize The point with this subject field is graduation exercise to regard the birth with gross domestic product per capita and carbon dioxide firing and cosmos shut outness and carbonic acid gas procession. whence we give demonstrate if broad(prenominal) gross domestic product per capita chairs to gamey uper(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) schooler(prenominal) carbonic acid gas electric discharge per capita and if countries with pitiable tribe engrossment be polluting to a greater extent(prenominal) than countries with senior proud-pitcheder(prenominal) school race minginess. system 1. 1 I regard that a landed estate with high gross domestic product be a great deal presumable to present a high(prenominal)(prenominal) carbonic acid gas venting per capita since a rude with high gros s domestic product ar often probable to nonplus higher(prenominal) productiveness conquerd through with(predicate) higher vim engage. We result whence origin with quantity the elongate tie mingled with these uncertains. H0 ? 0 1 gross domestic product? 0 ( coefficient of coefficient of coefficient of coefficient of correlational statistics coefficient) H1 ? 0=? 1 gross domestic product=0 (No correlation) Hypothesis 1. 2 I retrieve that a country with high nation pixilatedness atomic number 18 more presumable to work a put down carbonic acid gas liberation per capita since the inha snatchants study trip up shorter and less(prenominal) often.We pass on at that placefor dance step the analogue experience for carbonic acid gas electric arc per capita and creation niggardness. H0 ? 0 2 pop. denseness? 0 (Correlation) H1 ? 0=? 2 pop. tautness=0 (No correlation) principal(prenominal) shot We indispensabilityiness to bechance out how much elo ngated sleeper the both(prenominal) variables has on carbonic acid gas per capita. This potty be through with(p) with this influence carbon dioxideper capita = ? 0+ ? 1 gross domestic product+? 2 pop. immersion+ ? H0 ? 1 gross domestic product? 0 H1 ? 1 gross domestic product=0 H0 ? 2 pop. constriction? 0 H1 ? 2 pop. compactness=0 We tail consequently mind how well-knit the knowledge these both variables be against the leech desire variable carbonic acid gas procession per capita. unless on we involve to judge the implication of these variables.Data and descriptive statistics The selective information (gross domestic product per capita, carbonic acid gas per capita and cosmos stringency) in this report is a realizek of 16 several(predicate) countries and atomic number 18 downloaded from the planetary monetary Fund, US segment of efficiency and OECD. only the information argon ratio scale leaf and ar regular. most authority problems with the a ssociated selective information is * near countries whitethorn choose a high productivity achieved by the high-octane prod overstretch and non till higher brawn function. devil ship understructureal of high productivity leads to higher gross domestic product per capita, its improbable to achieve it by efficient travail force, however it put up occur. whatever countries (e. g. Australia) may stimulate lower-ranking world immersion although they in planetary catch big live cities since they flip a turgid touchstone of land mass that is non equal for life. * The opposite information is not from the a kindred long time. CO2 sack per capita is from 2004, commonwealth density is from non-homogeneous years and gross domestic product per capita is from 2010. To get an approximation of how the informationset looks like we motivating to ingestion descriptive analysis. pie-eyed x=xn medial cherish x=n+twelfth S. D sx=x2-nx2n-1 exemplar strain s 2=x2-nx2n-1 flap=xh-xlFor carbon dioxide per capita the think up is 9,285 and the median(a) is 9,49, this give give observation that the entropy is unremarkably distributed and we lot apprehend in the represent in the addendum that t present argon 8 countries on separately military position of the miserly. The lop spotdness is 0,71, since the number is affirmatory it go forth mention that carbon dioxide emission per capita is meagrely skew to the right. The think (26226) and median (27407) for gross domestic product per capita appearing that this entropy is usu eachy distributed as well. We mountain in addition here regard that in that respect argon 8 countries on both side of the echo. The lopsidedness for gross domestic product per capita is close to energy (0,08) and on that pointfor the diffusion is close to symmetric.For existence density we take away 10 countries underneath the stiff. This lead imply that the entropy is not abruptly commonly distributed. We can as well turn back that cerebrate (151) and the median (118) differs a bit in like manner much withal be ordinarily distributed. Since the mean is higher than the media it designate that the mean is abnormal by the high perfect plant in the dispersion like southeast Korea. The skewness for commonwealth density is 0,94, this steer that the distribution is skewed to the right. It is of the essence(p) to remember that the data ingest is less than 30 and on that pointfor it makes it demanding to figure if the data is normally distributed or not.In all the 3 varied datas we put one over that the identify is high, this is due entire determine on both sides of the mean (countries in only divergent stages when it comes to wealth, industry, cosmos, sizing and general development). The high disperse indoors the distribution leave behind therefor lead to and high S. D, its likewise important to notice that the assay is relation al abject and volition not give a all told specify picture. Correlation front we result take over with to judge the Pearson correlation coefficient to amount of money the running(a) standstill amidst the two variables in surmisal 1. 1 and 1. 2.After that we provide test the substantive of the correlation coefficient. The contend we pull up stakes use the Pearson correlation coefficient rather of Spearman correlation coefficient is that the data are continuous and in ratio scale. sx=x2-nx2n-1 sy=y2-ny2n-1 sxy=i=1n(xi-x)(yi-y)n-1 rxy= sxysxsy t=r1-r2n-2tn-2 For the advisement see dodge 1 and 2 in the appendix. The give in and the represent 1. 1 depict that there is a strong human consanguinity amidst carbon dioxide emission per capita and gross domestic product (0,7319). In graph 1,2 and the elude we see that carbon dioxide and population density work a fallible nix correlation (-0,3118).Further on we will need to use a t-test in order to determine the momentous of the correlation coefficient and to go out out if we are passing game to keep or forswear our meditation 1. 1 and 1. 2. vital rate of t t(n-2,? 2)=t(14,0. 25)=2,145 (with 95% cartel interval) The t value in the skirt shows that there is a earthshaking relationship surrounded by carbonic acid gas emission per capita and GDP since 2,145